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Long term impact of waste water irrigation and nutrient rates: I. Performance, sustainability and produce quality of peri urban cropping systems

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  • Minhas, P.S.
  • Khajanchi-Lal,
  • Yadav, R.K.
  • Dubey, S.K.
  • Chaturvedi, R.K.

Abstract

Farmers in peri-urban areas of developing countries depend on wastewaters for their livelihood but with grave health and environmental risks. An 8-year field experiment compared food grain (FGPS), agroforestry (AFS), fodder (FPS) and vegetable (VPS) production systems and quantified responses to fertilizers (NP 25–100%) when irrigated with sewage (SW; EC 1.3±0.3dSm−1 BOD 82±11, NO3–N 3.2±0.4, NH4–N 9.6±0.5, P 1.8±0.3, K 6.4±0.4mgL−1) vis-à-vis groundwater (GW). Productivity improved with SW by 14–28% while trends were negative with sub-optimal NP under GW. Partial factor productivity (PFP) averaged 18.0, 11.1, 157 and 149kgkg−1 NP with GW in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively. Counter figures were 13.8, 8.8, 96 and 56kgkg−1 NP with SW. Paddy-wheat equivalent yields were 5.5, 1.8 and 19.9 fold under AFS, FPS and VPS with SW. About 40, 33, 75 and 20% of fertilizer NP with SW was sufficient for similar production as with recommended NP and GW in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively. Quality of produce improved in terms of crude protein and the micronutrients in edible parts with SW while toxic metals were within the permissible limits. However, the keeping quality of vegetables was lowered due to faster decay with pathogens contamination (Aerobic bacterial plate counts 5×105–4.2×108cfug−1 and Escherichia coli <2×102–7×105). Thus, the sewage proved as a vital resource in improving productivity, sustainability and saving fertiliser costs but this may pose health risks because of pathogenic infestation that need to be regulated.

Suggested Citation

  • Minhas, P.S. & Khajanchi-Lal, & Yadav, R.K. & Dubey, S.K. & Chaturvedi, R.K., 2015. "Long term impact of waste water irrigation and nutrient rates: I. Performance, sustainability and produce quality of peri urban cropping systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 100-109.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:156:y:2015:i:c:p:100-109
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.03.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qadir, Manzoor & Wichelns, D & Raschid-Sally, Liqa & Minhas, P. S. & Drechsel, Pay & Bahri, Akissa & McCornick, Peter G. & Abaidoo, R. & Attia, F. & El-Guindy, S. & Ensink, J. H. J. & Jimenez, B. & Ki, 2007. "Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges," IWMI Books, Reports H040204, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Qadir, Manzoor & Wichelns, D. & Raschid-Sally, Liqa & Minhas, P. S. & Drechsel, Pay & Bahri, Akissa & McCornick, Peter G. & Abaidoo, Robert Clement & Attia, F. & El-Guindy, S. & Ensink, J. H. J. & Jim, 2007. "Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Scott, Christopher A. & Faruqui, N.I. & Raschid-Sally, Liqa (ed.), 2004. "Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: confronting the livelihood and environmental realities," IWMI Books, International Water Management Institute, number 139075.
    4. Molden, David, 2007. "Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture," IWMI Books, Reports H040193, International Water Management Institute.
    5. Raschid-Sally, Liqa & Jayakody, Priyantha, 2008. "Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: results from a global assessment," IWMI Research Reports H041686, International Water Management Institute.
    6. Molden, David, 2007. "Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture: summary," IWMI Books, Reports H039769, International Water Management Institute.
    7. Scott, C. A. & Faruqui, N. I. & Raschid-Sally, L., 2004. "Wastewater use in irrigated agriculture: confronting the livelihood and environmental realities," IWMI Books, Reports H035947, International Water Management Institute.
    8. Qadir, M. & Wichelns, D. & Raschid-Sally, L. & McCornick, P.G. & Drechsel, P. & Bahri, A. & Minhas, P.S., 2010. "The challenges of wastewater irrigation in developing countries," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 97(4), pages 561-568, April.
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    1. -Lal, Khajanchi & Minhas, P.S. & Yadav, R.K., 2015. "Long-term impact of wastewater irrigation and nutrient rates II. Nutrient balance, nitrate leaching and soil properties under peri-urban cropping systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 110-117.

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