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Long-term impact of wastewater irrigation and nutrient rates II. Nutrient balance, nitrate leaching and soil properties under peri-urban cropping systems

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  • -Lal, Khajanchi
  • Minhas, P.S.
  • Yadav, R.K.

Abstract

Since irrigation with under-treated wastewater is growing in many underdeveloped countries, its regulation should follow more efficient and less polluting approach. Therefore, the nutrient balances and soil properties were monitored in an 8-year experiment where the food grain (FGPS, paddy–wheat), fodder (FPS, sorghum-Egyptian clover) and vegetable (VPS, gourds/okra-cabbage/cauliflower) and agroforestry (AFS, poplar–paddy–wheat) production systems were irrigated either with sewage water (SW, BOD 82±11, NO3–N 3.2±0.4, NH4–N 9.6±0.5 and P 1.8±0.3mgL−1) or good quality groundwater (GW) along with variable doses of N & P (25–100% of the recommended). The concentration and uptake of both N and P increased with SW and NP doses. SW enhanced N uptake by 29, 23, 18 and 37% in FGPS, AFS, FPS and VPS, respectively, while the corresponding values were 28, 21, 29 and 35 per cent for P uptake. The crop N removal obtained at 100% NP dose in GW were at par with 25% NP doses in AGF and VPS and 50% NP doses in FGPS and FPS with SW. The positive balances of nutrients with SW resulted in improvement in soil organic carbon and available status of nitrogen and phosphorus. Soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and activities of dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase also improved substantially with SW. The most of nitrate-N was retained in the surface 0.3m soil especially its leaching was minimal under AFS. Overall results indicated for improvement in the awareness of the growers for adjusting NP doses and non-dependent on water guzzling crops like paddy to minimise the fertiliser costs and the contamination of groundwater.

Suggested Citation

  • -Lal, Khajanchi & Minhas, P.S. & Yadav, R.K., 2015. "Long-term impact of wastewater irrigation and nutrient rates II. Nutrient balance, nitrate leaching and soil properties under peri-urban cropping systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 110-117.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:156:y:2015:i:c:p:110-117
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.001
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Qadir, Manzoor & Wichelns, D. & Raschid-Sally, Liqa & Minhas, P. S. & Drechsel, Pay & Bahri, Akissa & McCornick, Peter G. & Abaidoo, Robert Clement & Attia, F. & El-Guindy, S. & Ensink, J. H. J. & Jim, 2007. "Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges," Book Chapters,, International Water Management Institute.
    2. Molden, David, 2007. "Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture," IWMI Books, Reports H040193, International Water Management Institute.
    3. Qadir, Manzoor & Wichelns, D & Raschid-Sally, Liqa & Minhas, P. S. & Drechsel, Pay & Bahri, Akissa & McCornick, Peter G. & Abaidoo, R. & Attia, F. & El-Guindy, S. & Ensink, J. H. J. & Jimenez, B. & Ki, 2007. "Agricultural use of marginal-quality water: opportunities and challenges," IWMI Books, Reports H040204, International Water Management Institute.
    4. Minhas, P.S. & Khajanchi-Lal, & Yadav, R.K. & Dubey, S.K. & Chaturvedi, R.K., 2015. "Long term impact of waste water irrigation and nutrient rates: I. Performance, sustainability and produce quality of peri urban cropping systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 100-109.
    5. Ensink, J. H. J. & van der Hoek, W. & Matsuno, Y. & Munir, S. & Aslam, M. R., 2002. "Use of untreated wastewater in peri-urban agriculture in Pakistan: risks and opportunities," IWMI Research Reports H030848, International Water Management Institute.
    6. Molden, David, 2007. "Water for food, water for life: a comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture: summary," IWMI Books, Reports H039769, International Water Management Institute.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Dorta-Santos, María & Tejedor, Marisa & Jiménez, Concepción & Hernández-Moreno, Jose M. & Díaz, Francisco J., 2016. "“Using marginal quality water for an energy crop in arid regions: Effect of salinity and boron distribution patterns”," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 142-152.
    5. Grinshpan, Maayan & Furman, Alex & Dahlke, Helen E. & Raveh, Eran & Weisbrod, Noam, 2021. "From managed aquifer recharge to soil aquifer treatment on agricultural soils: Concepts and challenges," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. María Jesús Gutiérrez-Ginés & Brett H. Robinson & Sky Halford & Izzie Alderton & Vikki Ambrose & Jacqui Horswell & Hamish Lowe, 2023. "Changes in Soil Chemistry and Soil Nutrient Stocks after 30 Years of Treated Municipal Wastewater Land Disposal: A Natural Experiment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-14, November.
    7. Garcia, X. & Pargament, D., 2015. "Reusing wastewater to cope with water scarcity: Economic, social and environmental considerations for decision-making," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 154-166.
    8. Aghajani Shahrivar, Alireza & Rahman, Muhammad Muhitur & Hagare, Dharmappa & Maheshwari, Basant, 2019. "Variation in kikuyu grass yield in response to irrigation with secondary and advanced treated wastewaters," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 375-385.

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