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Role of Export, Import and Gross Capital Formation in Iraq: A Granger Causality Approach

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  • Ahmed Saddam Abdulsahib

    (Centre for Basrah and Arab Gulf Studies, University of Basrah, Iraq)

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the link amongst cointegrated observations of export, import and gross capital formation (GCF) in Iraq over the period 2004-2021. This study assumes that the high reliance on the crude oil revenues cannot lead to enhance level of economic diversification and stability. However, the main objective of this paper is to empirically analyse the relationship between export, import and gross capital formation. For this purpose, the study employs a granger causality test. It revealed a considerable linkage between the variables examined, in which a long-run unidirectional causal relationship is existed from GCF to export and import, and also from export to import. Whereas the causal link from export and import to GCF is absent. This implies that the sound economic policy in Iraq is not engaged efficiently due to the modest level of GCF impact, in which there is a parallel relationship between export and import in general, where the major export revenues devoted for meeting the consuming needs over the period studied. The study recommended gross capital formation in Iraq ought to be increased and utilized in efficient way that lead to raise level of value added, where this could be achieved via enhancing level of export, particularly non-oil export. Accordingly, it also recommended to attracting domestic and foreign investors.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmed Saddam Abdulsahib, 2024. "Role of Export, Import and Gross Capital Formation in Iraq: A Granger Causality Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 14(5), pages 102-108, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:eco:journ1:2024-05-11
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Awokuse, Titus O., 2007. "Causality between exports, imports, and economic growth: Evidence from transition economies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 389-395, March.
    2. Engle, Robert & Granger, Clive, 2015. "Co-integration and error correction: Representation, estimation, and testing," Applied Econometrics, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (RANEPA), vol. 39(3), pages 106-135.
    3. Bruton, H.J., 1998. "A Reconsideration of Import Substitution," Center for Development Economics 156, Department of Economics, Williams College.
    4. Henry J. Bruton, 1998. "A Reconsideration of Import Substitution," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 36(2), pages 903-936, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Nesrine Gafsi & Sayef Bakari, 2024. "Impacts of Agricultural CO2 Emissions, Agricultural Exports and Financial Development on Economic Growth: Insights from East Asia and Pacific Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(6), pages 136-153, November.
    2. Aina B. Aidarova & Gulzada Mukhamediyeva & Aizhan A. Yessentayeva & Guliya Utemissova & Karlygash Tastanbekova & Bagila Mustafayeva & Kundyz Myrzabekkyzy, 2024. "Relationship between Oil Exports, Renewable Energy Consumption, Agriculture Industry, and Economic Growth in Selected OPEC Countries: A Panel ARDL Analysis," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(6), pages 344-352, November.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Export; Import; GCF; VAR Model; Iraq;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies
    • L38 - Industrial Organization - - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise - - - Public Policy
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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