IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-20-00323.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Determinants of the structure of external funding: the Portuguese case

Author

Listed:
  • Jorge Silva

    (Parliamentary Budget Office, Portuguese Parliament, Lisbon, Portugal)

Abstract

This study assesses the structure of the Portuguese international investment position (IIP) between 1999 and 2014. Increasing external imbalances after the introduction of the euro raised concerns on the composition of external funding. Portugal had the most negative IIP among the founding members of the euro area. We estimate the determinants of changes in the categories and instruments of the IIP liabilities. Both external and domestic factors had an effect on the structure of the external funding. External factors were the financial integration in the euro area, financial stress in Europe, the 3-month Euribor interest rate, the exchange rate and the US stock market. The Portuguese 10-year sovereign yield and trade balance were the domestic factors. Regarding policy implications, Portugal should improve the IIP through a combination of different measures. Decreasing debt instruments in favour of equity instruments would be desirable to share risk with foreign investors. A positive current account requires a positive trade balance and secondary income account to offset the negative primary income account.

Suggested Citation

  • Jorge Silva, 2020. "Determinants of the structure of external funding: the Portuguese case," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 40(3), pages 2073-2084.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-20-00323
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2020/Volume40/EB-20-V40-I3-P181.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. António Afonso & Florence Huart & João Tovar Jalles & Piotr Stanek, 2019. "Assessing the sustainability of external imbalances in the European Union," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(2), pages 320-348, February.
    2. Lane, Philip R. & Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria, 2012. "External adjustment and the global crisis," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 252-265.
    3. Turrini, Alessandro & Zeugner, Stefan, 2019. "Benchmarks for net international investment positions," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 149-164.
    4. António Afonso & Jorge Silva, 2017. "Current account balance cyclicality," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(13), pages 911-917, July.
    5. Catão, Luis A.V. & Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria, 2014. "External liabilities and crises," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 18-32.
    6. André Faria & Philip R. Lane & Paolo Mauro & Gian Maria Milesi-Ferretti, 2007. "The Shifting Composition of External Liabilities," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 5(2-3), pages 480-490, 04-05.
    7. Hobza, Alexandr & Zeugner, Stefan, 2014. "Current accounts and financial flows in the euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(PB), pages 291-313.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. António Afonso & João Tovar Jalles, 2019. "Decomposing and Analysing the Determinants of Current Accounts’ Cyclicality: Evidence from the Euro Area," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 30(1), pages 133-156, February.
    2. Andrieş, Alin Marius & Chiper, Alexandra Maria & Ongena, Steven & Sprincean, Nicu, 2024. "External wealth of nations and systemic risk," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    3. McQuade, Peter & Schmitz, Martin, 2017. "The great moderation in international capital flows: A global phenomenon?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PA), pages 188-212.
    4. George Pantelopoulos, 2024. "Can external sustainability be decoupled from the NIIP?," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 21(1), pages 89-116, February.
    5. Kristin Forbes & Ida Hjortsoe & Tsvetelina Nenova, 2017. "Current Account Deficits During Heightened Risk: Menacing or Mitigating?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 0(601), pages 571-623, May.
    6. Zorell, Nico, 2017. "Large net foreign liabilities of euro area countries," Occasional Paper Series 198, European Central Bank.
    7. Catão, Luis A.V. & Milesi-Ferretti, Gian Maria, 2014. "External liabilities and crises," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 18-32.
    8. Mariam Camarero & Josep Lluís Carrion‐i‐Silvestre & Cecilio Tamarit, 2021. "External imbalances from a GVAR perspective," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 44(11), pages 3202-3245, November.
    9. repec:wsr:wpaper:y:2016:i:166 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Mahir Binici & Aytül Ganioglu, 2021. "Net external position, financial development, and banking crisis," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 61(3), pages 1225-1251, September.
    11. Rodriguez-Palenzuela, Diego & Dées, Stéphane & Andersson, Malin & Bijsterbosch, Martin & Forster, Katrin & Zorell, Nico & Audoly, Richard & Buelens, Christian & Compeyron, Guillaume & Ferrando, Annali, 2016. "Savings and investment behaviour in the euro area," Occasional Paper Series 167, European Central Bank.
    12. Philip R. Lane, 2015. "International Financial Flows in Low-Income Countries," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 49-72, February.
    13. António Afonso & Jorge Silva, 2017. "Current account balance cyclicality," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(13), pages 911-917, July.
    14. Allen, Cían, 2019. "Revisiting external imbalances: Insights from sectoral accounts," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 67-101.
    15. Siranova, Maria, 2024. "Statistical omissions as the stabilizing factor of net foreign assets in EU countries," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    16. Afonso, António & Huart, Florence & Tovar Jalles, João & Stanek, Piotr, 2022. "Twin deficits revisited: A role for fiscal institutions?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    17. Alfonso Camba-Crespo & José García-Solanes & Fernando Torrejón-Flores, 2021. "Current-account breaks and stability spells in a global perspective," Applied Economic Analysis, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 30(88), pages 1-17, July.
    18. Coutinho, Leonor & Turrini, Alessandro & Zeugner, Stefan, 2022. "Assessing the euro area current account," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    19. Unger, Robert, 2017. "Asymmetric credit growth and current account imbalances in the euro area," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 73(PB), pages 435-451.
    20. Ekinci, Mehmet Fatih & Omay, Tolga, 2020. "Current account and credit growth: The role of household credit and financial depth," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    21. Agustín Bénétrix & Beren Demirölmez & Martin Schmitz, 2024. "The Shock Absorbing Role of Cross-border Investments: Net Positions Versus Currency Composition," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 363-394, April.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    equity and debt instruments; financial integration; Portugal; international investment position; economic and financial adjustment programme;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F3 - International Economics - - International Finance
    • F4 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-20-00323. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: John P. Conley (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.