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Causalities Among Growth Related Policy Variables In Turkey, 1950-2004

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  • Mustafa Akal

Abstract

This study aims to show the direction of causalities between imported production goods (investment and intermediate) and foreign exchange rate, export, and gross national product, between export and gross national product (GNP) during import substitution and export oriented industrialization periods in Turkey, and the direction of causalities between the domestic or foreign terms of trade (FTOT), realized foreign direct investment and GNP, export, and imported production goods during the 1982-2004 period. It discusses associations and controversies between theoretical statements and real world with the aims of economic policies. The imported production good is one of the causal sources of GNP for the both periods. Export causes production good import change during the import substitution period, but the imported production goods supply causes export to increase during export oriented industrialization period. Foreign exchange rate causes imported production goods to change during import substitution period, but the direction of causality exists adversely during export oriented industrialization period. The foreign exchange rate directs export, export directs GNP, and GNP directs the foreign exchange rates after 1980. The foreign TOT (terms of trade) and realized foreign direct investment inflow into Turkey are not causal sources for the changes in gross national product and production goods import.

Suggested Citation

  • Mustafa Akal, 2006. "Causalities Among Growth Related Policy Variables In Turkey, 1950-2004," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 6(3).
    • Handle: RePEc:eaa:aeinde:v:6:y:2006:i:3_6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Daniel Balsalobre‐Lorente & Oana M. Driha & George Halkos & Shekhar Mishra, 2022. "Influence of growth and urbanization on CO2 emissions: The moderating effect of foreign direct investment on energy use in BRICS," Sustainable Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 30(1), pages 227-240, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Direction of causations; growth related policy variables; Turkish Economy.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F4 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
    • F40 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - General
    • F43 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Economic Growth of Open Economies

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