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Die Auswirkung von Parallelimporten auf die optimale Regulierung von Arzneimittelpreisen

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  • Ingrid Königbauer

Abstract

The policy problem of setting a ceiling on pharmaceutical prices is analysed in the context of parallel imports. It is often argued that governments tend to free-ride on the pharmaceutical firms' sunk innovation costs, setting prices equal to marginal costs, in order to reduce health expenses. Using a standard sequential price-setting process, it can be shown that this is not as severe a problem as is often suggested. The price ceiling cannot be arbitrarily low, because an excessively low price level could reach other countries with higher price levels. The model supports the policy of allowing parallel imports within the European Union since it is a way to discipline national regulators. The pharmaceutical firm locates in the country with the highest demand because this is the country that basically determines the expected profits. Nationale Preisregulierungen von Arzneimitteln haben starke Auswirkungen auf die Innovationsanreize von Pharmaunternehmen. In der Literatur wird oft argumentiert, dass nationale Regierungen einen Anreiz haben, die Obergrenze der Arzneimittelpreise so niedrig wie möglich zu regulieren. Damit reduzieren sie zwar die öffentlichen Gesundheitsausgaben, aber auch die Innovationsanreize der Unternehmen, die nur bei Deckung ihrer Anfangsinvestitionen gewährleistet sind. Das vorliegende Modell zeigt, dass dieses Trittbrettfahrerproblem durch Parallelimporte abgeschwächt werden kann: Der Preis kann nicht mehr beliebig niedrig gesetzt werden, da zu niedrige Preise in andere höher bepreiste Länder gelangen könnten. Das Modell unterstützt die europäische Politik, Parallelimporte innerhalb der EU zuzulassen, da auf diese Weise die nationalen Regulierungsinstanzen diszipliniert werden. Da das Heimatland des Pharmaunternehmens den Gewinn entscheidend beeinflusst, wird sich das Unternehmen im nachfragestärksten Land positionieren.

Suggested Citation

  • Ingrid Königbauer, 2004. "Die Auswirkung von Parallelimporten auf die optimale Regulierung von Arzneimittelpreisen," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 73(4), pages 592-604.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:73-40-12
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.73.4.592
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Malueg, David A. & Schwartz, Marius, 1994. "Parallel imports, demand dispersion, and international price discrimination," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3-4), pages 167-195, November.
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