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Compulsory Licensing And Patent Protection: A North-South Perspective

In: Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy

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  • Eric W. Bond
  • Kamal Saggi

Abstract

In a stylised model involving a developing country (called South) and a foreign patent holder, we analyse whether and how the incidence and social value of compulsory licensing (CL) depends upon the South’s patent protection policy. If South is free to deny patent protection, CL fails to arise in equilibrium and the option to use it makes both parties worse off. If South is obliged to offer patent protection, CL can occur and even yield a Pareto improvement. The ability to control price increases the South’s incentive for patent protection as well as the likelihood of CL…

Suggested Citation

  • Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Compulsory Licensing And Patent Protection: A North-South Perspective," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 21, pages 481-503, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789813233027_0021
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    1. Malueg, David A. & Schwartz, Marius, 1994. "Parallel imports, demand dispersion, and international price discrimination," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(3-4), pages 167-195, November.
    2. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Compulsory licensing, price controls, and access to patented foreign products," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 19, pages 437-448, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Chen, Yongmin & Puttitanun, Thitima, 2005. "Intellectual property rights and innovation in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(2), pages 474-493, December.
    4. Kamal Saggi, 2013. "Market Power in the Global Economy: The Exhaustion and Protection of Intellectual Property," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 123(567), pages 131-161, March.
    5. Uday Sinha, 2006. "Patent Enforcement, Innovation and Welfare," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 211-241, September.
    6. Kamal Saggi, 2016. "Trade, Intellectual Property Rights, and the World Trade Organization," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 16-00014, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
    7. Gene M. Grossman & Edwin L.-C. Lai, 2004. "International Protection of Intellectual Property," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(5), pages 1635-1653, December.
    8. Keith E. Maskus, 2012. "Private Rights and Public Problems: The Global Economics of Intellectual Property in the 21st Century," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 5072.
    9. Gene M. Grossman & Edwin L.‐C. Lai, 2008. "Parallel imports and price controls," RAND Journal of Economics, RAND Corporation, vol. 39(2), pages 378-402, June.
    10. Santanu Roy & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Equilibrium parallel import policies and international market structure," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 15, pages 349-363, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    11. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2017. "Bargaining over Entry with a Compulsory License Deadline: Price Spillovers and Surplus Expansion," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 9(1), pages 31-62, February.
    12. Yang, Lei & Maskus, Keith E., 2009. "Intellectual property rights, technology transfer and exports in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 90(2), pages 231-236, November.
    13. Keith E. Maskus, 2000. "Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 99.
    14. Ganslandt, Mattias & Maskus, Keith E., 2004. "Parallel imports and the pricing of pharmaceutical products: evidence from the European Union," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(5), pages 1035-1057, September.
    15. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Bargaining over Entry with a Compulsory License Deadline: Price Spillovers and Surplus Expansion," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 20, pages 449-480, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    16. Valletti, Tommaso M., 2006. "Differential pricing, parallel trade, and the incentive to invest," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(1), pages 314-324, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Kamal Saggi, 2016. "Trade, Intellectual Property Rights, and the World Trade Organization," Vanderbilt University Department of Economics Working Papers 16-00014, Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
    2. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Patent protection in developing countries and global welfare: WTO obligations versus flexibilities," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 22, pages 505-520, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. Eric W. Bond & Kamal Saggi, 2023. "Patent protection in developing countries and global welfare: WTO obligations versus flexibilities," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Kamal Saggi (ed.), Technology Transfer, Foreign Direct Investment, and the Protection of Intellectual Property in the Global Economy, chapter 22, pages 505-520, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Senra de Morais, Rafael Pinho, 2017. "Compulsory licensing of pharmaceuticals by the developing south," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 74-77.
    5. Carmine Guerriero, 2023. "Property rights, transaction costs, and the limits of the market," Economics of Governance, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 143-176, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    International Technology Transfer; Multinational Firms; Trips; Foreign Direct Investment; Oligopolistic Competition; Vertical Contracts; Intellectual Property Rights;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements

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