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Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India: An Overview

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  • Bhagavatula, Suresh
  • Mudambi, Ram
  • Murmann, Johann Peter

Abstract

India began the process of market liberalization that opened it to significant interactions with the world economy in 1991. In this essay, we provide an overarching view of the country's journey toward integration with the global innovation and entrepreneurship network. Major nodes in this global network have two major components that may be metaphorically referred to as ‘pillars and ivy’. Globally connected multinational enterprises (MNEs) form the pillars. Agile startups are the ivy, and their success (metaphorically, the height to which they can climb) depends on their symbiotic connections with the pillar MNEs. Both components are essential and reinforce each other. Without MNEs, the scaling of startups is hampered. Without a vibrant population of startups, MNEs’ interest in a location remains driven by cost, rather than capability and creativity. MNEs (mainly foreign) provided the initial sparks for the formation of the Indian innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. We chart the subsequent growth of India's startups. They began in the information technology (IT) sector but now cover a much wider range of industries. Today, India's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem is one of the largest in the world, with global integration in terms of technology, financing, human capital, and administration.

Suggested Citation

  • Bhagavatula, Suresh & Mudambi, Ram & Murmann, Johann Peter, 2019. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India: An Overview," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 467-493, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:maorev:v:15:y:2019:i:03:p:467-493_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Jaideep Anand & Gerald McDermott & Ram Mudambi & Rajneesh Narula, 2021. "Innovation in and from emerging economies: New insights and lessons for international business research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(4), pages 545-559, June.
    2. Mark Lorenzen & Ram Mudambi & Andreas Schotter, 2020. "International connectedness and local disconnectedness: MNE strategy, city-regions and disruption," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 51(8), pages 1199-1222, October.
    3. Pillai, Neiil (Nehaal) & Dietlmeier, Simon Frederic & Urmetzer, Florian, 2024. "Entrepreneurial Ecosystems as an Enabler of Technological Sovereignty: The Case of the Indian Short Form Video Market," MPRA Paper 120620, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Prashantham, Shameen & Bhagavatula, Suresh & Kumar, K., 2020. "Handle with care: Entrepreneurial reputation-borrowing in an emerging economy," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 13(C).
    5. Mukherjee, Debmalya & Kumar, Satish & Mukherjee, Deepraj & Goyal, Kirti, 2022. "Mapping five decades of international business and management research on India: A bibliometric analysis and future directions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 864-891.
    6. Mark Lorenzen & Ram Mudambi & Andreas Schotter, 0. "International connectedness and local disconnectedness: MNE strategy, city-regions and disruption," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 0, pages 1-24.
    7. Subhalaxmi Mohapatra & Subhadip Roy & Arvind Upadhyay & Anil Kumar, 2024. "Circular value creation through environmental entrepreneurship initiatives: A case‐based exploration," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(5), pages 3811-3831, July.
    8. Nurzhanat Sherimova & Baurzhan Isabekov & Miras Alkeev & Zhanna Yermekova & Tatyana Ostryanina, 2022. "An analytical assessment of industrial sector innovative management in the context of digitalization," Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Springer, vol. 11(1), pages 1-13, December.
    9. Aurora Liu Genin & Justin Tan & Juan Song, 0. "State governance and technological innovation in emerging economies: State-owned enterprise restructuration and institutional logic dissonance in China’s high-speed train sector," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 0, pages 1-25.
    10. Dabić, Marina & Vlačić, Bozidar & Paul, Justin & Dana, Leo-Paul & Sahasranamam, Sreevas & Glinka, Beata, 2020. "Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 25-38.
    11. Kapturkiewicz, Agata, 2022. "Varieties of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: A comparative study of Tokyo and Bangalore," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 51(9).
    12. Heman Khouilla & Cécile Bastidon, 2024. "Does increased intellectual property rights protection foster innovation in developing countries? A literature review of innovation and catch‐up," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(2), pages 1170-1188, March.
    13. Aurora Liu Genin & Justin Tan & Juan Song, 2021. "State governance and technological innovation in emerging economies: State-owned enterprise restructuration and institutional logic dissonance in China’s high-speed train sector," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 52(4), pages 621-645, June.

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