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Bank Geographic Diversification and Corporate Innovation: Evidence from the Lending Channel

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  • Deng, Saiying
  • Mao, Connie X.
  • Xia, Cong

Abstract

By integrating staggered interstate banking deregulation into a gravity model following Goetz, Laeven, and Levine (2013), (2016), we construct a time-varying, bank-specific instrument for geographic diversification and investigate its causal effect on corporate innovation via the lending channel. We find that bank geographic diversification spurs corporate innovation and enhances the economic value of innovation. We identify relaxing debt covenants and alleviating borrowers’ financial constraints as the two underlying mechanisms explaining the documented effects. Moreover, by offering lenient covenants, geographically diversified banks provide greater financial and operational flexibility to borrowing firms, enabling them to engage in future mergers and acquisitions.

Suggested Citation

  • Deng, Saiying & Mao, Connie X. & Xia, Cong, 2021. "Bank Geographic Diversification and Corporate Innovation: Evidence from the Lending Channel," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 56(3), pages 1065-1096, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:56:y:2021:i:3:p:1065-1096_10
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    Cited by:

    1. Lai, Shaojie & Chen, Lihan & Wang, Qing Sophie & Anderson, Hamish D., 2023. "Bank competition and corporate employment: Evidence from the geographic distribution of bank branches in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Ai, Li & Gao, Lucia S., 2023. "Firm-level risk of climate change: Evidence from climate disasters," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    3. Basten, Christoph & Ongena, Steven, 2024. "Mortgage lending through a fintech web platform. The roles of competition, diversification, and automation," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
    4. Hasan, Iftekhar & Shen, Yi & Yuan, Xiaojing, 2021. "Local product market competition and bank loans," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    5. Wang, Rui & Mao, Keqi, 2024. "How does bank competition affect trade-mode transformation? Evidence from Chinese export enterprises," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).

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