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The Value of (Stock) Liquidity in the M&A Market

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  • Massa, Massimo
  • Xu, Moqi

Abstract

We study the value of stock liquidity in the market for corporate control and show that the target firm’s liquidity has an impact on the transaction itself and on the resulting merged entity. We use a sample of U.S. merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions (1987–2007) to show that acquiring a more liquid firm makes the stock of the acquirer more liquid. This has consequences for M&A activity and pricing. Public acquirers are more likely than private acquirers to acquire more liquid targets. Liquidity also translates into a greater likelihood of completing the deal and higher compensation for the target.

Suggested Citation

  • Massa, Massimo & Xu, Moqi, 2013. "The Value of (Stock) Liquidity in the M&A Market," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(5), pages 1463-1497, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:48:y:2013:i:05:p:1463-1497_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Jindra, Jan & Moeller, Thomas, 2020. "Time since targets’ initial public offerings, asymmetric information, uncertainty, and acquisition pricing," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    2. Nishihara, Michi & Shibata, Takashi, 2019. "Liquidation, fire sales, and acquirers’ private information," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    3. J. Amar & M. Arouri & G. Dufrénot & C. Lecourt, 2024. "Determinants of partial versus full cross-border acquisitions for Sovereign Wealth Funds," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 160(2), pages 509-539, May.
    4. David H. Downs & Bing Zhu, 2022. "Property market liquidity and REIT liquidity," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(6), pages 1462-1491, November.
    5. Huang, Sheng & Maharjan, Johan & Nanda, Vikram, 2024. "Liquid stock as an acquisition currency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    6. Choi, Darwin, 2019. "Disposition sales and stock market liquidity," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 19-36.
    7. Konstantinos Konstantaras & Vasilios Sogiakas, 2019. "Is stock liquidity transferred and upgraded in acquisitions? Evidence from liquidity synergies in US freeze-outs," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 282(1), pages 179-216, November.
    8. Taylan Mavruk & Evert Carlsson, 2015. "How long is a long-term-firm investment in the presence of governance mechanisms?," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 5(1), pages 117-149, June.
    9. Craig W. Holden & Stacey Jacobsen & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2014. "The Empirical Analysis of Liquidity," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 8(4), pages 263-365, December.
    10. Meng, Yun & Sutton, Ninon, 2022. "The evolution of bidder gains and acquisition discounts in M&A," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    11. Ben Amor, Salma & Kooli, Maher, 2024. "Does overconfidence affect venture capital firms’ investment?," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C).
    12. Andrea Signori & Silvio Vismara, 2017. "Stock-financed M&As of newly listed firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 115-134, January.
    13. Hong Zhu & Qi Zhu, 2016. "Mergers and acquisitions by Chinese firms: A review and comparison with other mergers and acquisitions research in the leading journals," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 33(4), pages 1107-1149, December.
    14. Li, Lin & Tong, Wilson H.S., 2018. "Information uncertainty and target valuation in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 84-107.
    15. Fich, Eliezer M. & Harford, Jarrad & Tran, Anh L., 2015. "Motivated monitors: The importance of institutional investors׳ portfolio weights," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(1), pages 21-48.
    16. Chatterjee, Sris & Hasan, Iftekhar & John, Kose & Yan, An, 2021. "Stock liquidity, empire building, and valuation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).

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