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Climate exposure, vulnerability and environmental reliance: a cross-section analysis of structural and stochastic poverty

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  • Angelsen, Arild
  • Dokken, Therese

Abstract

We analyze links between exposure to climate extremes and shocks, vulnerability and coping strategies, environmental reliance and poverty among 7,300 households in forest adjacent communities in 24 developing countries. We combine observed income with predicted income to create four categories of households: income & asset poor (structurally poor), income rich & asset poor (stochastically non-poor), income poor & asset rich (stochastically poor) and income & asset rich (structurally non-poor), and assess exposure and vulnerability across these groups. The income poor are more exposed to extreme climate conditions. They tend to live in dryer (and hotter) villages in the dry forest zones, in wetter villages in the wet zones, and experience larger rainfall fluctuations. Among the income-generating coping strategies, extracting more environmental resources ranks second to seeking wage labor. The poorest in dry regions also experience the highest forest loss, undermining the opportunities to cope with future climate shocks.

Suggested Citation

  • Angelsen, Arild & Dokken, Therese, 2018. "Climate exposure, vulnerability and environmental reliance: a cross-section analysis of structural and stochastic poverty," Environment and Development Economics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 23(3), pages 257-278, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:endeec:v:23:y:2018:i:03:p:257-278_00
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    Cited by:

    1. Barbier, Edward B., 2020. "Long run agricultural land expansion, booms and busts," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C).
    2. Ali Akbar Barati & Milad Zhoolideh & Mostafa Moradi & Eydieh Sohrabi Mollayousef & Christine Fürst, 2022. "Multidimensional poverty and livelihood strategies in rural Iran," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12963-12993, November.
    3. Makate, Clifton & Angelsen, Arild & Holden, Stein Terje & Westengen, Ola Tveitereid, 2023. "Evolution of farm-level crop diversification and response to rainfall shocks in smallholder farming: Evidence from Malawi and Tanzania," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    4. Paglialunga, Elena & Coveri, Andrea & Zanfei, Antonello, 2022. "Climate change and within-country inequality: New evidence from a global perspective," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    5. Seth Opoku Mensah & Suglo-Konbo Ibrahim & Brent Jacobs & Rebecca Cunningham & Derrick Owusu-Ansah & Evans Adjei, 2024. "Benefits of farmer managed natural regeneration to food security in semi-arid Ghana," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 41(3), pages 1177-1193, September.
    6. Meyer, Maximilian & Hulke, Carolin & Kamwi, Jonathan & Kolem, Hannah & Börner, Jan, 2022. "Spatially heterogeneous effects of collective action on environmental dependence in Namibia’s Zambezi region," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    7. Alaina Kinol & Elijah Miller & Hannah Axtell & Ilana Hirschfeld & Sophie Leggett & Yutong Si & Jennie C. Stephens, 2023. "Climate justice in higher education: a proposed paradigm shift towards a transformative role for colleges and universities," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(2), pages 1-29, February.
    8. Kemigisha, Esther & Angelsen, Arild & Babweteera, Fred & Mugisha, Johnny, 2022. "Survival- versus opportunity-driven environmental reliance: Evidence from Uganda," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    9. Makate, Clifton & Angelsen, Arild & Holden, Stein Terje & Westengen, Ola Tveitereid, 2022. "Crops in crises: Shocks shape smallholders' diversification in rural Ethiopia," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    10. Muhammad Asef Shaiq & Ali Akbar Barati & Khalil Kalantari & Ali Asadi, 2022. "Dimensions of Poverty in Kunduz Province of Afghanistan," World, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-14, November.
    11. Lee, Chi-Chuan & Li, Xinrui & Yu, Chin-Hsien & Zhao, Jinsong, 2022. "The contribution of climate finance toward environmental sustainability: New global evidence," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    12. Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Do, Truong Lam & Halkos, George & Wilson, Clevo, 2020. "Health shocks and natural resource extraction: A Cambodian case study," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    13. Edward B. Barbier & Angela Cindy Emefa Mensah & Michelan Wilson, 2023. "Valuing the Environment as Input, Ecosystem Services and Developing Countries," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 84(3), pages 677-694, March.
    14. Azzarri, Carlo & Signorelli, Sara, 2020. "Climate and poverty in Africa South of the Sahara," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    15. Ngoma,Hambulo & Finn,Arden Jeremy & Kabisa,Mulako, 2021. "Climate Shocks, Vulnerability, Resilience and Livelihoods in Rural Zambia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 9758, The World Bank.
    16. Elena Paglialunga & Andrea Coveri & Antonello Zanfei, 2020. "Climate change and inequality in a global context. Exploring climate induced disparities and the reaction of economic systems," Working Papers 2003, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Department of Economics, Society & Politics - Scientific Committee - L. Stefanini & G. Travaglini, revised 2020.
    17. Shackleton, Charlie M. & de Vos, Alta, 2022. "How many people globally actually use non-timber forest products?," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    18. Barbier, Edward B., 2020. "Is green rural transformation possible in developing countries?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    19. Jagger, Pamela & Cheek, Jennifer Zavaleta & Miller, Daniel & Ryan, Casey & Shyamsundar, Priya & Sills, Erin, 2022. "The Role of Forests and Trees in Poverty Dynamics," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    20. Lin, Boqiang & Wang, You, 2024. "How does the natural disasters affect urban-rural income gap? Empirical evidence from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    21. Bierkamp, Sina & Nguyen, Trung Thanh & Grote, Ulrike, 2021. "Environmental income and remittances: Evidence from rural central highlands of Vietnam," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    22. Damania, Richard & Joshi, Anupam & Russ, Jason, 2020. "India’s forests – Stepping stone or millstone for the poor?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    23. Edward B. Barbier & Jacob P. Hochard, 2019. "Poverty-Environment Traps," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 74(3), pages 1239-1271, November.

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