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On A New Paradigm Of Optimal Reinsurance: A Stochastic Stackelberg Differential Game Between An Insurer And A Reinsurer

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  • Chen, Lv
  • Shen, Yang

Abstract

This paper proposes a new continuous-time framework to analyze optimal reinsurance, in which an insurer and a reinsurer are two players of a stochastic Stackelberg differential game, i.e., a stochastic leader-follower differential game. This allows us to determine optimal reinsurance from joint interests of the insurer and the reinsurer, which is rarely considered in the continuous-time setting. In the Stackelberg game, the reinsurer moves first and the insurer does subsequently to achieve a Stackelberg equilibrium toward optimal reinsurance arrangement. Speaking more precisely, the reinsurer is the leader of the game and decides on an optimal reinsurance premium to charge, while the insurer is the follower of the game and chooses an optimal proportional reinsurance to purchase. Under utility maximization criteria, we study the game problem starting from the general setting with generic utilities and random coefficients to the special case with exponential utilities and constant coefficients. In the special case, we find that the reinsurer applies the variance premium principle to calculate the optimal reinsurance premium and the insurer's optimal ceding/retained proportion of insurance risk depends not only on the risk aversion of itself but also on that of the reinsurer.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang, 2018. "On A New Paradigm Of Optimal Reinsurance: A Stochastic Stackelberg Differential Game Between An Insurer And A Reinsurer," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(2), pages 905-960, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:astinb:v:48:y:2018:i:02:p:905-960_00
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Cao, Jingyi & Li, Dongchen & Young, Virginia R. & Zou, Bin, 2022. "Stackelberg differential game for insurance under model ambiguity," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 128-145.
    2. Zhu, Michael B. & Ghossoub, Mario & Boonen, Tim J., 2023. "Equilibria and efficiency in a reinsurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 24-49.
    3. Anthropelos, Michail & Boonen, Tim J., 2020. "Nash equilibria in optimal reinsurance bargaining," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 196-205.
    4. Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang, 2019. "Stochastic Stackelberg differential reinsurance games under time-inconsistent mean–variance framework," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 120-137.
    5. Chi, Yichun & Tan, Ken Seng & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2020. "A Bowley solution with limited ceded risk for a monopolistic reinsurer," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 188-201.
    6. Wang, Ning & Zhang, Nan & Jin, Zhuo & Qian, Linyi, 2021. "Stochastic differential investment and reinsurance games with nonlinear risk processes and VaR constraints," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 168-184.
    7. Denizalp Goktas & Jiayi Zhao & Amy Greenwald, 2022. "Zero-Sum Stochastic Stackelberg Games," Papers 2211.13847, arXiv.org.
    8. Asmussen, Søren & Christensen, Bent Jesper & Thøgersen, Julie, 2019. "Nash equilibrium premium strategies for push–pull competition in a frictional non-life insurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 92-100.
    9. Li, Danping & Young, Virginia R., 2022. "Stackelberg differential game for reinsurance: Mean-variance framework and random horizon," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 42-55.
    10. Bai, Yanfei & Zhou, Zhongbao & Xiao, Helu & Gao, Rui & Zhong, Feimin, 2022. "A hybrid stochastic differential reinsurance and investment game with bounded memory," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(2), pages 717-737.
    11. Zheng, Yueyang & Shi, Jingtao, 2022. "A linear-quadratic partially observed Stackelberg stochastic differential game with application," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 420(C).
    12. Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang & Su, Jianxi, 2020. "A continuous-time theory of reinsurance chains," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 129-146.
    13. Ghossoub, Mario & Zhu, Michael B., 2024. "Stackelberg equilibria with multiple policyholders," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 189-201.
    14. Bensalem, Sarah & Santibáñez, Nicolás Hernández & Kazi-Tani, Nabil, 2020. "Prevention efforts, insurance demand and price incentives under coherent risk measures," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 369-386.
    15. Pferschy, Ulrich & Nicosia, Gaia & Pacifici, Andrea & Schauer, Joachim, 2021. "On the Stackelberg knapsack game," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 291(1), pages 18-31.
    16. Boonen, Tim J. & Ghossoub, Mario, 2023. "Bowley vs. Pareto optima in reinsurance contracting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(1), pages 382-391.
    17. Cheung, Ka Chun & Yam, Sheung Chi Phillip & Zhang, Yiying, 2019. "Risk-adjusted Bowley reinsurance under distorted probabilities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 64-72.
    18. Cao, Jingyi & Li, Dongchen & Young, Virginia R. & Zou, Bin, 2023. "Reinsurance games with two reinsurers: Tree versus chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(2), pages 928-941.

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