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The Strange Case of Relative Gratification and Potential for Political Violence: The V-Curve Hypothesis

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  • Grofman, Bernard N.
  • Muller, Edward N.

Abstract

Perception of discrepancy between optimum level of achievement with respect to desired values and actual level of achievement is a concept that has figured importantly in explanations of collective violence and its subset, political violence (approval of and readiness to engage in behaviors which constitute progressively greater challenge to a political regime). Hypotheses about relationships between a number of static and dynamic achievement discrepancy constructs (labeled “relative gratification,” and built from a variant of the Cantril Self-Anchoring scale) are tested. The achievement discrepancy constructs generally show only a weak degree of association with potential for political violence. However, measures of shift over time in discrepancy show an unexpected and intriguing relationship with potential for political violence: individuals who perceive negative change and individuals who perceive positive change show the highest potential for political violence, while individuals who perceive no change show the lowest potential for political violence; and this V-Curve relationship persists in the presence of various control variables. Moreover, absolute magnitude of shift in discrepancy from present to future shows a moderate degree of correlation with potential for political violence, and makes an independent contribution to a linear additive model. The data base is a sample of a population in which instances of political violence have been relatively frequent in the past.

Suggested Citation

  • Grofman, Bernard N. & Muller, Edward N., 1973. "The Strange Case of Relative Gratification and Potential for Political Violence: The V-Curve Hypothesis," American Political Science Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 67(2), pages 514-539, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:cup:apsrev:v:67:y:1973:i:02:p:514-539_14
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    Cited by:

    1. Ekkart Zimmermann, 1976. "Factor analyses of conflicts within and between nations: A critical evaluation," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 10(4), pages 267-296, December.
    2. R. C. Tripathi & R. Kumar & V. N. Tripathi, 2019. "When the Advantaged Feel Victimised: The Case of Hindus in India," Psychology and Developing Societies, , vol. 31(1), pages 31-55, March.
    3. David Weiss & Sabine Sczesny & Alexandra M. Freund, 2016. "Wanting to Get More or Protecting One’s Assets: Age-Differential Effects of Gain Versus Loss Perceptions on the Willingness to Engage in Collective Action," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(2), pages 254-264.
    4. Florian W. Bartholomae & Chang Woon Nam & Pierre Rafih, 2020. "The Impact of Welfare Chauvinism on the Results of Right-Wing Populist Voting in Germany after the Refugee Crisis," CESifo Working Paper Series 8629, CESifo.
    5. Dawn Brancati, 2007. "Political Aftershocks: The Impact of Earthquakes on Intrastate Conflict," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 51(5), pages 715-743, October.
    6. Tomberg, Lukas & Smith Stegen, Karen & Vance, Colin, 2021. "“The mother of all political problems”? On asylum seekers and elections," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    7. Michael Stohl, 1975. "War and Domestic Political Violence," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 19(3), pages 379-416, September.
    8. Eran Zaidise & Daphna Canetti‐Nisim & Ami Pedahzur, 2007. "Politics of God or Politics of Man? The Role of Religion and Deprivation in Predicting Support for Political Violence in Israel," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 55(3), pages 499-521, October.
    9. David Snyder, 1978. "Collective Violence: A Research Agenda and Some Strategic Considerations," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 22(3), pages 499-534, September.
    10. Ghimire, Ramesh & Ferreira, Susana & Dorfman, Jeffrey H., 2015. "Flood-Induced Displacement and Civil Conflict," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 614-628.
    11. Jolanda Jetten & Frank Mols & Tom Postmes, 2015. "Relative Deprivation and Relative Wealth Enhances Anti-Immigrant Sentiments: The V-Curve Re-Examined," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(10), pages 1-24, October.

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