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¿Smith o Kuznets en Argentina? La matriz laboral durante la primera globalización (1870-1914)

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  • Emiliano Salas Arón

Abstract

Dentro del debate sobre la evolución de las economías en el largo plazo dos autores clásicos, Adam Smith y Simon Kuznets, propusieron teorías contrastantes sobre la evolución del mercado de trabajo en un período de crecimiento de la economía. Smith propuso que el crecimiento se produce a partir de una especialización productiva de las economías motivada por su inserción en el comercio internacional, lo que genera una transformación en el mercado. Kuznets, en cambio, plantea que los procesos prolongados de crecimiento en las economías modernas generan una diversificación estructural de los mercados de trabajo, con una intensificación de los empleos urbanos en sectores secundarios y terciarios, los cuales involucran una mayor capacitación de la mano de obra. Con estos marcos teóricos, el artículo presenta un análisis de la evolución de la estructura laboral en Argentina durante la primera globalización (1870-1914). Para ello, se realizó una clasificación por sectores y destrezas de los trabajadores utilizando las secciones de ocupaciones correspondientes a los censos nacionales de 1869, 1895 y 1914. Los principales resultados demuestran que a pesar del acelerado crecimiento de la economía durante el período 1870-1895, Argentina modificó relativamente poco su estructura laboral a nivel intersectorial. No obstante, luego de 1890 se advierten una serie de transformaciones en la economía que ocasionaron cambios en el mercado de trabajo dentro de ciertos sectores, los cuales vieron modificada su composición y la intensidad de destrezas de sus trabajadores.

Suggested Citation

  • Emiliano Salas Arón, 2021. "¿Smith o Kuznets en Argentina? La matriz laboral durante la primera globalización (1870-1914)," Tiempo y Economía, Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano, vol. 8(1), pages 11-41, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:col:000485:018539
    DOI: 10.21789/24222704.1677
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vries,Jan de, 2008. "The Industrious Revolution," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521895026, September.
    2. Vries,Jan de, 2008. "The Industrious Revolution," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521719254, September.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    mercado laboral; evolución sectorial; desarrollo pro-ductivo; Argentina; primera globalización; historia económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
    • F02 - International Economics - - General - - - International Economic Order and Integration
    • N00 - Economic History - - General - - - General

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