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Impacto de un impuesto al carbono en el sector energético

Author

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  • William B. O'Neil
  • Doria Polanía

Abstract

“Se cree que el aumento de la temperatura mundial está siendo causado por las emisiones de los «gases invernaderos», constituidos en su mayoría por dióxido de carbono. En su lugar, aceptamos que están surgiendo inquietudes sobre el problema y que en muchas naciones hay debates sobre políticas para el control y eventual reducción de las emisiones de dichos gases. Una posibilidad es que se firme un acuerdo internacional en el cual cada nación se comprometa a establecer un impuesto sobre la producción, el uso o la venta de combustibles fósiles, determinando el tamano del impuesto con base en el contenido de carbono en el combustible particular que está siendo gravado. Un impuesto uniforme al carbono es manejable porque este elemento contaminante se distribuye uniformemente una vez que se encuentra en la atmósfera mundial. En la siguiente sección se presenta un repaso del estado actual del debate sobre las políticas para disminuir las emisiones de carbono. En la tercera sección se describe el sector energético en Colombia y se reúnen las cifras necesarias para la evaluación de los posibles efectos de un impuesto al carbono. En la cuarta, se presentan estimativos del impacto del impuesto sobre los precios de venta de cada uno de los grandes combustibles producidos en Colombia, los recaudos fiscales iniciales y los cambios en la demanda en el largo plazo. La sección quinta consiste en una revisión del impacto de este sistema impositivo sobre los grandes consumidores de energía en Colombia. En la última sección se analizan los resultados e implicaciones de política que Colombia desearía considerar en las futuras negociaciones relativas al impuesto al carbono y otras formas de control de la polución.”

Suggested Citation

  • William B. O'Neil & Doria Polanía, 1993. "Impacto de un impuesto al carbono en el sector energético," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 23(4), pages 123-135, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013657
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Impuesto al Carbono; Impuesto por Contaminación; Energía; Combustibles Fósiles; Contaminación Atmosférica; Economía Ambiental; Carbón; Petróleo; Consumo de Combustibles Fósiles; Industria; Consumo de Energía;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O13 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Environment; Other Primary Products
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • L71 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction - - - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
    • P28 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Socialist and Transition Economies - - - Natural Resources; Environment
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • E21 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Consumption; Saving; Wealth

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