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Colombia en la década de los noventa: neoliberalismo y reformas estructurales en el trópico

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  • Juan José Echavarría

Abstract

“Este documento presenta un posible diagnóstico sobre el impacto de la liberalización comercial y las reformas estructurales adelantas en los noventa en Colombia, y analiza las posibilidades de crecimiento futuro. No es tarea sencilla, pues las reformas coexistieron con otros factores que también tuvieron impacto, no siempre fácil de medir. La sección II presenta una hipótesis poco novedosa para cualquier economista, pero no suficientemente enfatizada en la discusión colombiana actual: apertura y fuerte expansión fiscal con la consecuente revaluación, son incompatibles, y aún más en una economía globalizada, con la inestabilidad característica de los anos posteriores a 1998. La sección III discute aspectos relacionados con la inversión en capital fijo, en capital humano y en activos. Se muestra, en primer lugar, que la apertura económica condujo al proceso de inversión en capital fijo más marcado de los últimos 25 anos, confirmándose una vez más un resultado robusto en la literatura sobre apertura y crecimiento. Segundo, parte del nuevo "consumo" fiscal constituyó más bien inversión en capital humano, y ello posiblemente repercutirá favorablemente sobre nuestro crecimiento futuro. Finalmente, se describe en la sección III. La enorme expansión de la "inversión" en activos, principalmente en tierras, vivienda y acciones en las bolsas. La sección IV describe y evalúa la profundidad e impacto de las reformas estructurales y trata de determinar en qué medida son responsables del debilitamiento reciente del sector privado y de la crisis de 1999. ¿Puede volver la economía colombiana a su senda histórica de crecimiento? La respuesta de la sección V es afirmativa, pero la incertidumbre es alta. La sección VI presenta las conclusiones.”

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Echavarría, 2000. "Colombia en la década de los noventa: neoliberalismo y reformas estructurales en el trópico," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013471
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Maurice Obstfeld & Kenneth Rogoff, 2001. "The Six Major Puzzles in International Macroeconomics: Is There a Common Cause?," NBER Chapters, in: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2000, Volume 15, pages 339-412, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Seghezza, Elena & Baldwin, Richard E., 2008. "Testing for Trade-Induced Investment-Led Growth," Economia Internazionale / International Economics, Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato Agricoltura di Genova, vol. 61(2-3), pages 507-537.
    3. Robert J. Barro, 1998. "Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262522543, April.
    4. Baldwin, Richard & Seghezza, Elena, 1996. "Trade-induced Investment-led Growth," CEPR Discussion Papers 1420, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    5. Jesús G. Otero, 1997. "Los determinantes de la tasa de cambio real en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alberto Alesina & Alberto Carrasquilla & Juan José Echavarría Soto, 2000. "Decentralization in Colombia," Working Papers Series. Documentos de Trabajo 2254, Fedesarrollo.
    2. Claudia Pico, 2013. "Los actores de la crisis económica de fin de siglo," Revista Cuadernos de Economia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, FCE, CID, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Informes de Investigación; Economía Colombiana; Reforma Estructural; Reactivación Económica; Neoliberalismo; Recesión Económica; Crecimiento Económico; Desarrollo Económico; Reforma Económica;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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