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Los precios del petróleo y la complejidad de la canasta exportadora: la paradoja del caso colombiano

Author

Listed:
  • Christian Andrés Palencia Hernández
  • Jesús Cristóbal Ruiz Torres
  • Andrés Daniel Aníbal Godoy Ortiz

Abstract

El objetivo de este artículo es establecer el efecto de la caída de los precios del petróleo en la complejidad o intensidad tecnológica de la canasta exportadora de Colombia, especialmente en las exportaciones industriales. Para ello, se desarrollaron tres análisis cuantitativos: i) un análisis descriptivo a través de la Matriz de Contabilidad Social, ii) la estimación de la función impulso-res-puesta de un modelo var estructural entre la tasa de cambio y las exportaciones industriales y iii) el cálculo de los indicadores prody y expy como una aproximación para valorar la desmejora en la complejidad de la canasta exportadora colombiana. Los resultados encontrados en este artículo senalan que la caída de los precios del crudo a nivel mundial afectó negativamente —en contra de la intuición económica— la complejidad de la canasta exportadora nacional. Esto, fundamentado en que el aparato productivo colombiano es altamente dependiente de las importaciones de bienes de capital y de consumo intermedio para la producción de bienes manufacturados de mayor complejidad tecnológica. Como resultado de la depreciación del peso colombiano respecto al dólar americano, las importaciones se vieron afectadas, lo que repercutió a su vez en las exportaciones de bienes de mayor complejidad.******The objective of this article is to establish the effect of the fall in oil prices related to the complexity or technological intensity of the Colombian export basket, especially in industrial exports. To achieve this, three quantitative analyses were developed: i) a descriptive analysis through the Social Accounting Matrix, ii) the estimation of the impulse-response function of a structural var mod-el between the exchange rate and industrial exports and iii) the calculation of the prody and expy indicators as an approximation to assess the change in the complexity of the Colombian export basket. The results found, indicate that the fall in oil prices around the world negatively affects —contrary to economic intuition — the complexity of the domestic export basket, since the Colombian production apparatus is highly dependent on capital goods imports and intermediate consumption for the production of greater technological complexity manufactured goods. As a result of the depreciation of the Colombian peso against the U.S. dollar, imports were affected, which in turn had an impact on greater complexity goods exports.******O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer o efeito da queda dos precos do petróleo sobre a complexidade ou intensidade tecnológica da pauta exportadora colombiana, especialmente nas exportacoes industriais. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas tres análises quantitativas: i) uma análise descritiva por meio da Matriz de Contabilidade Social, ii) a estimacao da funcao impulso-resposta de um modelo VAR estrutural entre a taxa de cambio e as exportacoes industriais e iii) o cálculo do PRODY e do EXPY como aproximacao para avaliar a deterioracao da complexidade da pauta exportadora colombiana. Os resultados encontrados neste artigo indicam que a queda dos precos do petróleo bruto em nível mundial afetou negativamente — ao contrário da intuicao economica — a complexidade da pauta de exportacao nacional. Tudo isso, com base no fato de que o aparelho produtivo colombiano é altamente dependente da importacao de bens de capital e do consumo intermediário para a producao de bens manufaturados de maior complexidade tecnológica. Como resultado da desvalorizacao do peso colombiano em relacao ao dólar norte-americano, as importacoes foram afetadas, o que por sua vez impactou as exportacoes de bens mais complexos.

Suggested Citation

  • Christian Andrés Palencia Hernández & Jesús Cristóbal Ruiz Torres & Andrés Daniel Aníbal Godoy Ortiz, 2021. "Los precios del petróleo y la complejidad de la canasta exportadora: la paradoja del caso colombiano," Revista Facultad de Ciencias Económicas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, vol. 29(2), pages 167-196, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000180:019712
    DOI: 10.18359/rfce.5304
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    choque externo; desindustrialización; bienes de capital; importaciones; complejidad de las exportaciones;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F41 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance - - - Open Economy Macroeconomics
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • O14 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
    • Q33 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation - - - Resource Booms (Dutch Disease)

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