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Sectoral Price and Quantity Indexes of Argentine Foreign Trade

Author

Listed:
  • Fares, Florencia Melisa
  • Zack, Guido
  • Martínez, Ricardo Gabriel

Abstract

Argentina does not have a sufficiently complete and developed system of sectoral statistical data on foreign trade. This paper tries to make a contribution showing a methodology to calculate foreign trade indexes, based on unit values obtained from Foreign Trade Consultation System of INDEC. This methodology is applied to the quarterly data of Argentine sectoral imports and exports and its accuracy is shown from the comparison with price indexes published by INDEC (aggregate level) and Brazilian statistical institute (sectoral level). Our indexes show a correlation above 80% and variability close to the benchmark in almost all sectors. Finally, we analyzed the contribution of each sector to foreign trade growth during 1996-2016 using the estimated quantity indexes, something impossible to obtain without the estimated price indexes. Both real exports and imports show a weak growth pace of 2.3% and 2.4% per year, respectively. The leading sectors are Foodstuff industry and Agricultural products in exports, and Motor vehicles and Chemical products in imports for the whole period. Resumen: Argentina carece de un sistema suficientemente completo y desarrollado de datos sectoriales sobre el comercio exterior. Este trabajo hace un aporte mostrando una metodología para calcular los índices de comercio exterior, con base en valores unitarios obtenidos del Sistema de Consulta de Comercio Exterior del INDEC. Esta metodología se aplica a los datos trimestrales de importaciones y exportaciones sectoriales argentinas y su bondad se muestra a partir de la comparación con los índices oficiales del INDEC (nivel agregado) y Brasil (nivel sectorial). Nuestros índices muestran una correlación superior al 80% y una variabilidad cercana a la oficial en casi todos los sectores. Finalmente, analizamos la contribución sectorial al crecimiento del comercio exterior durante 19962016 utilizando índices de cantidad calculados a partir de nuestros índices de precio, algo imposible de lograr con anterioridad. Tanto las exportaciones como las importaciones reales muestran un débil crecimiento del 2,3% y el 2,4% anual, respectivamente. Los sectores más destacados son la industria alimenticia y los productos agrícolas en las exportaciones, así como la industria automotriz y los productos químicos en las importaciones para el periodo comprendido. Résumé: L’Argentine ne dispose pas d’un systeme suffisamment complet et développé de données sectorielles sur son commerce international. Ce travail est une contribution a ce systeme car nous proposons une méthodologie qui permet de calculer les indices du commerce international, sur la base des valeurs unitaires obtenues a partir du systeme de consultation du commerce international - INDEC-. Cette méthodologie est appliquée aux données trimestrielles des importations et exportations sectorielles argentines. Leur qualité est démontrée par une comparaison avec les indices officiels de l’INDEC (niveau agrégé) et de l’IPEA du Brésil (niveau sectoriel). Nos indices montrent une corrélation de plus 80% et une variabilité proche de l’indice officiel pour presque tous les secteurs. Enfin, nous analysons la contribution sectorielle a la croissance du commerce international pour la période 1996-2016, a l’aide d’indices de quantité calculés a partir de nos indices de prix, une démarche qui n´était pas possible auparavant. Les exportations et les importations réelles affichent respectivement une faible croissance de 2,3% et 2,4% par an. Les secteurs les plus importants sont alors l’industrie alimentaire et les produits agricoles destinés a l’exportation, ainsi que l’industrie automobile et les produits chimiques importés pour la meme période d’étude.

Suggested Citation

  • Fares, Florencia Melisa & Zack, Guido & Martínez, Ricardo Gabriel, 2020. "Sectoral Price and Quantity Indexes of Argentine Foreign Trade," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 93, pages 297-328, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:019586
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    1. Juan Carlos Hallak & Federico Bernini & Julia Gonzalez & Alejandro Vicondoa, 2018. "The Micro-D Classification: A New Approach to Identifying Differentiated Exports," Economía Journal, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association - LACEA, vol. 0(Spring 20), pages 59-85, May.
    2. Dickey, David A & Fuller, Wayne A, 1981. "Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 49(4), pages 1057-1072, June.
    3. Garavito, Aarón & López, David & Montes, Enrique, 2013. "Índices de valor unitario y quantum del comercio exterior colombiano," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue 80, pages 9-47, May.
    4. Mick Silver, 2007. "Do Unit Value Export, Import, and Terms of Trade Indices Represent or Misrepresent Price Indices?," IMF Working Papers 2007/121, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Hallak, Juan Carlos, 2006. "Product quality and the direction of trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 68(1), pages 238-265, January.
    6. David M. Byrne & Brian K. Kovak & Ryan Michaels, 2017. "Quality-Adjusted Price Measurement: A New Approach with Evidence from Semiconductors," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 99(2), pages 330-342, May.
    7. Juan Carlos Hallak & Peter K. Schott, 2011. "Estimating Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 126(1), pages 417-474.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    comercio exterior; Argentina; metodología;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • C81 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs - - - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Access
    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F19 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Other

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