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Welthandel: Frei und fair? Handelsabkommen in der Kritik

Author

Listed:
  • Gabriel Felbermayr
  • Wilhelm Kohler
  • Christoph Scherrer
  • Richard Senti
  • Johannes Wallacher
  • Peter-Christian Müller-Graff
  • Heribert Dieter
  • Stephan Leibfried

Abstract

Vielfach wird behauptet, die globale Einkommensverteilung entwickle sich dramatisch auseinander und die unfaire globale Weltwirtschaftsordnung sei schuld daran. Stehen »fair trade« und »free trade« im Widerspruch zueinander oder nicht? Mit der Diskussion dieser Frage führen Gabriel Felbermayr, ifo Institut, und Wilhelm Kohler, Universität Tübingen, in das Thema ein. Für Christoph Scherrer, Universität Kassel, bieten die modernen Handelsabkommen eher einen »Schutz der Starken statt der Schwachen«. Die neuen Abkommen schützen die kapitalund forschungsstarken Unternehmen und sichern Investoren, die über erhebliche Finanzmittel verfügen. Als eine sinnvolle Alternative erscheint ihm, »das Regelwerk des Welthandels nach entwicklungspolitischen, sozialen und ökologischen Prinzipien auszurichten«. Richard Senti, ETH Zürich, macht darauf aufmerksam, dass mit den regionalen Integrationsabkommen so etwas wie eine zweite Welthandelsordnung entstanden ist, die im Widerstreit mit der WTO steht. Die regionalen Freihandelszonen haben in der jüngsten Vergangenheit ein starkes Eigenleben entwickelt, dass es ihnen schwer fallen werde, sich in die Welthandelsordnung einzubringen. Johannes Wallacher, Hochschule für Philosophie München, sieht sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken. Internationale Handelsbeziehungen bieten Chancen für mehr Wohlstand, aber bedingen auch höheren Anpassungsdruck. Peter-Christian Müller-Graff, Universität Heidelberg, sieht für klassische Freihandelsabkommen, die nur den Markzugang thematisieren, keine Zukunft. Sie bedürfen »der Anreicherung durch Schutzstandards und geeigneter und verlässlicher Mechanismen des Rechtsschutzes für die Marktakteure und gegebenenfalls auch der Mechanismen für Fälle gravierender asymmetrischer Entwicklungen«. Denn der Handel mit Produkten beinhalte mehr als isolierte Außenwirtschaftspolitik, er habe längst Fragen von Gesundheits-, Sozial-, Verbraucher- und Um-weltpolitik erreicht. Nach Ansicht von Heribert Dieter, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, Berlin, wurde die Handelspolitik in den vergangenen Jahren massiv repolitisiert. Aus handelspolitischer Sicht sei dies eine sehr unglückliche Entwicklung. Der ökonomische Königsweg, die multilaterale Regulierung und Liberalisierung des Handels, werde von der Politik zunehmend verschmäht. Stephan Leibfried, Universität Bremen, rät den Volkswirten, über ihren methodischen und inhaltlichen Gegenstandsbereich hinauszuschauen, da nicht nur Verteilung, sondern auch Macht, Herrschaft und politische Legitimation wichtige Fragen werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Gabriel Felbermayr & Wilhelm Kohler & Christoph Scherrer & Richard Senti & Johannes Wallacher & Peter-Christian Müller-Graff & Heribert Dieter & Stephan Leibfried, 2015. "Welthandel: Frei und fair? Handelsabkommen in der Kritik," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 68(07), pages 03-30, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:68:y:2015:i:07:p:03-30
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Marion Fourcade & Etienne Ollion & Yann Algan, 2015. "The Superiority of Economists," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 29(1), pages 89-114, Winter.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Handelsabkommen; WTO-Recht; Fairer Handel;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
    • F53 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations

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