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Innovationen auf Bestellung? Was von einer stärkeren Nachfrageorientierung in der Innovationspolitik zu halten ist

Author

Listed:
  • Helge Dauchert
  • Dietmar Harhoff
  • Patrick Llerena
  • Wolfgang Crasemann
  • Carla Dekker
  • Oliver Falck
  • Simon Wiederhold
  • Ludger Wößmann

Abstract

Die Marktgröße und die Bereitschaft von Marktteilnehmern, Neuerungen anzunehmen, haben einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Generierung und Verbreitung von Innovationen. Spezifische Probleme auf der Nachfrageseite können daher Ansatzpunkte für eine »Nachfrageorientierte Innovationspolitik« sein, verstanden als nachfrageseitiges politisches Handeln, das dazu beitragen kann, Ineffizienzen im Innovationsprozess zu reduzieren. In der aktuellen politischen Debatte wird dabei insbesondere der öffentlichen Beschaffung eine wesentliche Rolle zur Innovationsförderung zugedacht. Helge Dauchert, Dietmar Harhoff und Patrick Llerena, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation, führen dieses Interesse an öffentlicher Beschaffung als innovationsförderliches Politikinstrument vor allem auf den beträchtlichen Umfang der öffentlichen Beschaffung zurück. Generell sehen die Autoren durchaus Potenzial für eine stärkere Innovationsorientierung in der öffentlichen Beschaffung, das allerdings aufgrund der starken Fragmentierung des öffentlichen Beschaffungswesens in Deutschland und fehlender Anreize für die Beschaffungsverantwortlichen zum Einkauf innovativer Leistungen häufig ungenutzt bleibt. Wolfgang Crasemann, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie, beschreibt, wie die Bundesregierung und die EU-Kommission öffentliche Beschaffung als innovationsförderliches Politikinstrument in Zukunft stärker fördern wollen. Einige EU-Mitgliedstaaten haben bereits Programme zur öffentlichen Beschaffung von Innovationen aufgelegt. Carla Dekker vom niederländischen Wirtschaftsministerium stellt die niederländische SBIR-Initiative vor, die – nach dem Vorbild des US-amerikanischen Small Business Innovation Research Programms – innovative Lösungen von der Idee bis zur Marktreife (und einer etwaigen öffentlichen Beschaffung) in einem mehrstufigen Prozess finanziell fördert. Oliver Falck, Simon Wiederhold und Ludger Wößmann, ifo Institut, fordern, dass die geplanten Maßnahmen und Pilotprojekte zur Verstärkung der Innovationsorientierung in der öffentlichen Beschaffung mit überzeugenden Evaluationen ihrer Wirksamkeit und Wirtschaftlichkeit begleitet werden, bevor ihre Einführung auf breiter Front vollzogen wird.

Suggested Citation

  • Helge Dauchert & Dietmar Harhoff & Patrick Llerena & Wolfgang Crasemann & Carla Dekker & Oliver Falck & Simon Wiederhold & Ludger Wößmann, 2013. "Innovationen auf Bestellung? Was von einer stärkeren Nachfrageorientierung in der Innovationspolitik zu halten ist," ifo Schnelldienst, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 66(05), pages 03-19, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:ces:ifosdt:v:66:y:2013:i:05:p:03-19
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Falck, Oliver & Heblich, Stephan & Kipar, Stefan, 2010. "Industrial innovation: Direct evidence from a cluster-oriented policy," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 574-582, November.
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    4. Lerner, Josh, 1999. "The Government as Venture Capitalist: The Long-Run Impact of the SBIR Program," The Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 72(3), pages 285-318, July.
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    6. Scott J. Wallsten, 2000. "The Effects of Government-Industry R&D Programs on Private R&D: The Case of the Small Business Innovation Research Program," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 31(1), pages 82-100, Spring.
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    1. Lehnen, Jens & Ehls, Daniel & Herstatt, Cornelius, 2014. "Implementation of lead users into management practice: A literature review of publications in business press," Working Papers 78, Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute for Technology and Innovation Management.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Innovation; Innovationspolitik; Öffentliche Beschaffung; Wirtschaftspolitik; Nachfrage; Globalsteuerung; Deutschland; Niederlande; Europäische Wirtschafts- und Währungsunion;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H57 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Procurement
    • O31 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
    • O38 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Government Policy
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory

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