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Open source innovation: Towards a generalization of the open source model beyond software

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  • Julien Pénin

Abstract

This paper investigates the possibility of exporting the free and open source model, which has proved successful in the case of software, to other sectors. We propose a general definition of open source innovation that rests on two pillars: openness and interactivity. First, the outcome of the innovation process must remain open, i.e. it must be made available to all without discrimination. Second, the actors of the innovation process must develop modes of interactions such that they promote a « bazaar » ? like knowledge production dynamics (Raymond, 1999). Open source innovation is therefore very different from open innovation (Chesbrough, 2003). We also discuss the possibility of using intellectual property rights, and patents in particular, in a copyleft way, in order to secure open source innovation. We then investigate the contexts in which open source innovation might be successful. We argue that it may be especially promising when envisaged as providing an upstream open knowledge platform into which firms can tap in order to develop downstream applications. We conclude by presenting two examples that fit our definition of open source innovation: the case of open source biology (Hope, 2008) and the case of creative industries (Bach et al., 2010).

Suggested Citation

  • Julien Pénin, 2011. "Open source innovation: Towards a generalization of the open source model beyond software," Revue d'économie industrielle, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(4), pages 65-88.
    • Handle: RePEc:cai:reidbu:rei_136_0065
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Anne Branciard, 2012. "Open and collaborative research and development models : towards "commons" ? [Des modèles de recherche-développement ouverts et collaboratifs dans le domaine pharmaceutique : vers des « c," Post-Print halshs-02566715, HAL.
    2. J. Andrei Villarroel & John E. Taylor & Christopher L. Tucci, 2013. "Innovation and learning performance implications of free revealing and knowledge brokering in competing communities: insights from the Netflix Prize challenge," Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, Springer, vol. 19(1), pages 42-77, March.
    3. Heikkinen, I.T.S. & Savin, H. & Partanen, J. & Seppälä, J. & Pearce, J.M., 2020. "Towards national policy for open source hardware research: The case of Finland," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    4. Hagedoorn, John & Ridder, Ann-Kristin, 2012. "Open innovation, contracts, and intellectual property rights: an exploratory empirical study," MERIT Working Papers 2012-025, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    5. Anne Branciard, 2013. "DNDi : from open innovation to commons for essential drugs ? [DNDi : de l'innovation ouverte à l'impulsion de communs pour des médicaments essentiels ?]," Post-Print halshs-02566783, HAL.
    6. Armelle Mazé & Aida Calabuig Domenech & Isabelle Goldringer, 2021. "Commoning the seeds: alternative models of collective action and open innovation within French peasant seed groups for recreating local knowledge commons," Agriculture and Human Values, Springer;The Agriculture, Food, & Human Values Society (AFHVS), vol. 38(2), pages 541-559, June.
    7. Amel Charleux & Anne Mione, 2018. "Open source editing business models; the case of software [Les business models de l’édition open source ; Le cas des logiciels]," Post-Print hal-01988127, HAL.
    8. Veronique Sanguinetti (toudoire) & Chauvet, V. & Goudarzi, K., 2020. "Covid-19, inspirons-nous de l’Open Source pour manager les activités collaboratives à distance," Post-Print hal-03323666, HAL.

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