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Soil-conservation effect of intercrops in silage maize

Author

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  • David Kincl

    (Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
    Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Pavel Formánek

    (Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic)

  • Jan Vopravil

    (Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, Prague-Zbraslav, Czech Republic
    Department of Land Use and Improvement, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)

  • Pavel Nerušil

    (Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic)

  • Ladislav Menšík

    (Crop Research Institute, Prague-Ruzyně, Czech Republic)

  • Jaroslava Janků

    (Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic)

Abstract

More than 50% of agricultural land is threatened by water erosion in the Czech Republic. With respect to soil erosion, maize (Zea mays L.) belongs to the most problematic crops; one of the possibilities to increase protection against erosion is intercropping. In this study, we attempted to find out the effects of individual intercrops and their mixtures (sown 4-6 weeks after sowing maize) or a mixed culture (maize plus lupine) on the soil losses and surface runoff in the period 2019-2021. The study was realised in a sugar beet growing region (Haplic Luvisol); a field rainfall simulator was used. From the used variants with Lolium perenne L., Trifolium repens L., Vicia villosa Roth, Lolium multiflorum Lam., Festuca arundinacea Schreb., Triticum aestivum L. or a mixture (Vicia villosa plus a Trifolium hybrid diploid), the variants with Lolium perenne, Lolium multiflorum, Vicia villosa or Vicia villosa plus the Trifolium hybrid diploid, established between the maize rows (hybrid maize, cultivar Walterinio) on May 27, were the most efficient in case of both the soil losses and runoff reductions in the year 2019. For example, Triticum aestivum between the maize rows mostly reduced the soil losses and the surface runoff was similar (or higher) compared with the control (maize without any intercrop). The variant with Trifolium repens had mostly higher (or similar) soil loss values (compared with the control); in this variant, the runoff was lower compared with the control. We proved our hypothesis with regards to the higher reduction in the soil losses than with the runoff in the variant with Lolium perenne. The results from the years 2020 (the used variants with Lolium multiflorum, Secale cereale L., Trifolium incarnatum L., Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum, Lolium multiflorum plus Vicia pannonica Crantz) and 2021 (the variants with Lolium multiflorum, Lolium multiflorum - early sowing, Secale cereale, Trifolium incarnatum, Phacelia tanacetifolia, Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum, a mixed culture = maize plus Lupinus albus L.) showed the variants with Trifolium incarnatum, the mixture (Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum), Phacelia tanacetifolia (in the year 2020) or the mixture (Lolium multiflorum plus Trifolium incarnatum) and a mixed culture (maize plus Lupinus albus) (2021) had the most positive effect - the soil loss and surface runoff values were lower when the maize was > 2 m compared with the maize < 1 m. The results obtained in the period 2019-2021 showed the grasses were the most efficient in decreasing the soil losses when the maize was < 1 m and when the maize was > 2 m with the used mixtures.

Suggested Citation

  • David Kincl & Pavel Formánek & Jan Vopravil & Pavel Nerušil & Ladislav Menšík & Jaroslava Janků, 2022. "Soil-conservation effect of intercrops in silage maize," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 17(3), pages 180-190.
  • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlswr:v:17:y:2022:i:3:id:36-2022-swr
    DOI: 10.17221/36/2022-SWR
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Kincl & David Kabelka & Jan Vopravil & Darina Heřmanovská, 2021. "Estimating the curve number for conventional and soil conservation technologies using a rainfall simulator," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 16(2), pages 95-102.
    2. Antonín Kintl & Jakub Elbl & Tomáš Lošák & Magdalena Daria Vaverková & Jan Nedělník, 2018. "Mixed Intercropping of Wheat and White Clover to Enhance the Sustainability of the Conventional Cropping System: Effects on Biomass Production and Leaching of Mineral Nitrogen," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-13, September.
    3. David Kabelka & David Kincl & Miloslav Janeček & Jan Vopravil & Petr Vráblík, 2019. "Reduction in soil organic matter loss caused by water erosion in inter-rows of hop gardens," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 14(3), pages 172-182.
    4. Marcel HEROUT & Jan KOUKOLÍČEK & David KINCL & Kateřina PAZDERŮ & Jaroslav TOMÁŠEK & Jaroslav URBAN & Josef PULKRÁBEK, 2018. "Impacts of technology and the width of rows on water infiltration and soil loss in the early development of maize on sloping lands," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(10), pages 498-503.
    5. Václav BRANT & Petr ZÁBRANSKÝ & Michaela ŠKEŘÍKOVÁ & Jan PIVEC & Milan KROULÍK & Luděk PROCHÁZKA, 2017. "Effect of row width on splash erosion and throughfall in silage maize crops," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 12(1), pages 39-50.
    6. Zheng, Jing & Fan, Junliang & Zhang, Fucang & Zhuang, Qianlai, 2021. "Evapotranspiration partitioning and water productivity of rainfed maize under contrasting mulching conditions in Northwest China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    7. Zheng, Jing & Fan, Junliang & Zhang, Fucang & Yan, Shicheng & Xiang, Youzhen, 2018. "Rainfall partitioning into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss by maize canopy on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 25-36.
    8. David Kabelka & David Kincl & Jan Vopravil & Petr Vráblík, 2021. "Impact of cover crops in inter-rows of hop gardens on reducing soil loss due to water erosion," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 67(4), pages 230-235.
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    Cited by:

    1. Jan Gregar & Jan Petrů & Jana Kalibová & Věra Ürge & David Kincl & Jan Vopravil, . "Impact of intercrops on soil loss and surface runoff from sloping maize fields," Soil and Water Research, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 0.
    2. Jiří Záruba & Pavel Formánek & David Kincl & Jan Vopravil & Helena Kusá & Pavel Růžek & David Kabelka & Pavel Kasal, 2023. "Different technologies of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivation and their effects on water runoff and soil erosion," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(5), pages 238-246.

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