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Digital Gender Divide and Convergence in the European Union Countries

Author

Listed:
  • López-Martínez María

    (Department of Applied Economics, University of Murcia, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain)

  • García-Luque Olga

    (Department of Applied Economics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain)

  • Rodríguez-Pasquín Myriam

    (Department of Applied Economics, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the digital gender divide in the European Union (EU) countries by applying two widely used indicators: percentage of the population who has used the Internet in the last 3 months (ICT-USE indicator) and percentage of the population who has made an online purchase in the last 3 months (ICT-PURCHASE indicator). With these indicators, the digital gender gaps are shown in absolute and relative terms. In addition, the European convergence beta and sigma, between the years 2007 and 2019, is also analyzed. The results among European countries show that the ICT-USE indicator has a lower dispersion than the ICT-PURCHASE indicator; hence, in general, the digital gender divide or gap is usually lower when ICT-USE is used in comparison with ICT-PURCHASE. The highest values of the digital gender gap in the EU, regardless of the indicator used, are found in Croatia and Italy, reflecting an unfavorable position for women. Ireland is also in this group, but in its case, the results show an unfavorable position for men. Additionally, Cyprus does not register gender differences in either of the two indicators analyzed. Finally, the convergence between European countries is corroborated, both in the indicators analyzed and in the different gender digital gaps built.

Suggested Citation

  • López-Martínez María & García-Luque Olga & Rodríguez-Pasquín Myriam, 2021. "Digital Gender Divide and Convergence in the European Union Countries," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment Journal, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 115-128, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bpj:econoa:v:15:y:2021:i:1:p:115-128:n:6
    DOI: 10.1515/econ-2021-0012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    digital economy; ICT indicators; digital gender divide; convergence; European Union;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe

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