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Agricultural Liberalisation and the Least Developed Countries: Six Fallacies

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  • Arvind Panagariya

Abstract

Today, agriculture remains the most distorted sector of the world economy. Therefore, agricultural liberalisation in the Doha negotiations is rightly the top priority. But the public‐policy discourse on the subject remains fogged by a number of fallacies. These fallacies probably originated with the leadership of the World Bank but have now been embraced by the IMF, OECD, Oxfam and the leading academic critics of globalisation. The paper identifies six fallacies and offers evidence and analysis to debunk them: (1) Agricultural border protection and subsidies are largely a developed‐country phenomenon. (2) Developed‐country agricultural subsidies and protection hurt the poorest developing countries most. (3) Developed‐country subsidies and protection hurt the poor, rural households in the poorest countries. (4) Developed‐country agricultural protection and subsidies constitute the principal barrier to the development of the poorest developing countries. (5) Agricultural protection reflects double standard and hypocrisy on the part of the developed countries. (6) What the donor countries give with one hand (aid), they take away with the other (farm subsidies).

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  • Arvind Panagariya, 2005. "Agricultural Liberalisation and the Least Developed Countries: Six Fallacies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(9), pages 1277-1299, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:worlde:v:28:y:2005:i:9:p:1277-1299
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00734.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Renuka Mahadevan & John Asafu‐Adjaye, 2010. "The Implications Of European Union Sugar Price Cuts, Economic Partnership Agreement, And Development Aid For Fiji," Contemporary Economic Policy, Western Economic Association International, vol. 28(1), pages 52-64, January.
    2. Alan Matthews & Tom Giblin, 2006. "Policy Coherence, Agriculture and Development," The Institute for International Integration Studies Discussion Paper Series iiisdp112, IIIS.
    3. Kym Anderson, 2005. "On the Virtues of Multilateral Trade Negotiations," The Economic Record, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 81(255), pages 414-438, December.
    4. Sacchidananda Mukherjee & Debashis Chakraborty & Julien Chaisse, 2014. "Influence of Subsidies on Exports empirical estimates,policy evidences and regulatory prospects," Working Papers 1422, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade.
    5. Lenkei, Balint & Mustafa, Ghulam & Vecchi, Michela, 2018. "Growth in emerging economies: Is there a role for education?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 240-253.
    6. Gautam, Madhur, 2015. "Agricultural Subsidies: Resurging Interest in a Perennial Debate," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 70(1), pages 1-23.
    7. Prabhakar, S.V.R.K. & Elder, Mark, 2009. "Biofuels and resource use efficiency in developing Asia: Back to basics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(Supplemen), pages 30-36, November.
    8. Ole Boysen & Hans Grinsted Jensen & Alan Matthews, 2016. "Impact of EU agricultural policy on developing countries: A Uganda case study," The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 25(3), pages 377-402, June.
    9. Isabel Knößlsdorfer & Matin Qaim, 2023. "Cheap chicken in Africa: Would import restrictions be pro-poor?," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 15(3), pages 791-804, June.
    10. Bureau, Jean-Christophe & Disdier, Anne-Célia & Ramos, Priscila, 2007. "A Comparison of the Barriers Faced by Latin American and ACP Countries' Exports of Tropical Products," WTO Doha Round 320139, International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development (ICTSD).
    11. Rocchi, Benedetto & Romano, Donato & Hamza, Raid, 2013. "Agriculture reform and food crisis in Syria: Impacts on poverty and inequality," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 190-203.
    12. Draper, Peter & Freytag, Andreas & Doyaili, Sarah Al, 2013. "Why should Sub-Saharan Africa care about the Doha Development Round?," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 7, pages 1-26.
    13. McCalla, Alex F., 2007. "Implications of WTO Developments for Market Integration," 2007 NAAMIC Workshop IV: Contemporary Drivers of Integration 163900, North American Agrifood Market Integration Consortium (NAAMIC).
    14. Flaig, Dorothee & Boysen-Urban, Kirsten, 2019. "EU Agricultural Domestic Support in Global Value Chains or Where Does the Money Go?," Conference papers 333054, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    15. Robert Z. Lawrence, 2007. "A True Development Round? A Review of Joseph E. Stiglitz and Andrew Charlton's Fair Trade for All: How Trade Can Promote Development," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 45(4), pages 1001-1010, December.
    16. Tedesco, Ilaria & Pelloni, Alessandra & Trovato, Giovanni, 2015. "Oecd Agricultural Subsidies And Poverty Rates In Lower Income Countries," International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Department of Economics and Finance, vol. 3(2), pages 1-19, April.
    17. Panagariya, Arvind, 2013. "Challenges to the multilateral trading system and possible responses," Economics - The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal (2007-2020), Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel), vol. 7, pages 1-25.
    18. Bureau, Jean-Christophe & Jean, Sebastien & Matthews, Alan, 2006. "The Consequences of Agricultural Trade Liberalization for Developing Countries," 2006 Annual Meeting, August 12-18, 2006, Queensland, Australia 25471, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Hewitt, Joanna, 2008. "Impact evaluation of research by the International Food Policy Research Institute on agricultural trade liberalization, developing countries, and WTO's Doha negotiations:," Impact assessments 28, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    20. Ab-Rahim, Rossazana & Selvarajan, Sonia Kumari & Md Noor, Nor Ghani & Affizzah Awang Marikan, Dayang, 2018. "Convergence Clubs of Economic Liberalization in ASEAN, China, and India," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 52(3), pages 129-141.
    21. Shoumitro Chatterjee & Rohit Lamba & Esha D. Zaveri, 2024. "The role of farm subsidies in changing India’s water footprint," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-11, December.
    22. Renuka Mahadevan & John Asafu-Adjaye, 2013. "Unilateral Liberalisation or Trade Agreements: Which Way Forward for the Pacific?," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 36(10), pages 1355-1372, October.
    23. Urban, Kirsten & Jensen, Hans G. & Brockmeier, Martina, 2016. "How decoupled is the Single Farm Payment and does it matter for international trade?," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 126-138.

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