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Does economic openness affect liberal and electoral democracy in a different way? Empirical evidence from developing countries

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  • Baris Kablamaci

Abstract

The focus of this paper was to empirically analyze the impacts of economic liberalization on the liberal and electoral democracy in a sample of 106 less developed and developing countries over the period 1970–2016. The economic relationship between these countries and the global trade and the financial system generates a crucial question of to what extent political conditions are affected by this changing relation. To test these relationships, this paper uses V‐Dem's liberal democracy and electoral democracy indices and nine economic liberalization variables. Utilizing two‐step system dynamic panel GMM estimation indicates that trade openness and economic globalization, de facto strongly affects electoral democracy.

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  • Baris Kablamaci, 2019. "Does economic openness affect liberal and electoral democracy in a different way? Empirical evidence from developing countries," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 66(3), pages 404-433, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:scotjp:v:66:y:2019:i:3:p:404-433
    DOI: 10.1111/sjpe.12193
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