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A sustainable decision‐making framework for school consolidation policy

Author

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  • Abhishek Bhatnagar
  • Nomesh B. Bolia

Abstract

India has a large number of schools to ensure good accessibility for students even in sparsely populated regions. However, in publicly funded education systems, governments need to address the trade‐off between accessibility and resources for desired amenities in many schools. Over the last few years, several state governments in India have consolidated schools. School consolidation is the process of closing some existing schools and reinstating their operations in other functioning, appropriately located schools, without opening any new schools. Within a state or even within a district, different regions have specific requirements based on enrolment and the spatial distribution of schools. Hence, the one‐size‐fits‐all approach of a single optimization model to consolidate schools may not provide acceptable solutions for all. The current study proposes and analyses several approaches to school consolidation decision‐making that consider the stakeholders’ needs. The aim is to provide tractable models based on median and coverage principles to help formulate sustainable school consolidation policies. Further improvements in the policies adopted by different states can be achieved using these models. The results of the case study indicate that utilization remains unaffected with the addition of accessibility requirements, and transfer outside the administrative boundaries yields better results in terms of additional travel distance and number of schools closed. The models can also be applied in several other service facility merger contexts with minor alterations. La India cuenta con un gran número de escuelas que garantizan una buena accesibilidad a los estudiantes incluso en las regiones poco pobladas. Sin embargo, en los sistemas educativos financiados con fondos públicos, los gobiernos tienen que abordar la disyuntiva entre la accesibilidad y los recursos para los servicios deseados en muchas escuelas. En los últimos años, varios gobiernos estatales de la India han consolidado las escuelas. La consolidación de escuelas es el proceso de cierre de algunas escuelas y la reinstauración de sus operaciones en otras escuelas en funcionamiento y con una ubicación adecuada, sin abrir ninguna escuela nueva. Dentro de un estado, o incluso dentro de un distrito, las diferentes regiones tienen requisitos específicos basados en la matriculación y la distribución espacial de las escuelas. Por lo tanto, es posible que el planteamiento de patrón de ‘talla única’ de un solo modelo de optimización para consolidar las escuelas no proporcione soluciones aceptables para todos. El presente estudio propone y analiza varios enfoques para la toma de decisiones en materia de consolidación de escuelas que tienen en cuenta las necesidades de las partes interesadas. El objetivo es proporcionar modelos manejables basados en los principios de la mediana y la cobertura para ayudar a formular políticas sostenibles de consolidación de escuelas. Con estos modelos se pueden conseguir nuevas mejoras en las políticas adoptadas por los distintos estados. Los resultados del estudio de caso indican que la utilización no se ve afectada con la adición de requisitos de accesibilidad, y el traslado fuera de los límites administrativos produce mejores resultados en términos de distancia de viaje adicional y número de escuelas cerradas. Los modelos pueden aplicarse también en otros contextos de fusión de instalaciones de servicios si se hacen pequeñas modificaciones. インドには多くの学校があるが、これは人口が散在する地域でも生徒が通学しやすいように配慮されているためである。しかし、公的資金による教育システムであるため、政府は、多くの学校においては、通学の利便性と理想的な快適さのための資源とのトレードオフに対処する必要がある。過去数年間に、インドの州政府の一部は、学校の統合を実施した。学校統合とは、既存の学校の一部を閉鎖し、新しい学校を開設することなく、機能的で、適切に配置された他の学校で運営を再開するというプロセスである。州内または県内であっても、入学者数と学校の空間分布に基づいた、地域別の要件がある。したがって、学校を統合するための単一の最適化モデルである、あらゆるケースに万能的に対処できるというアプローチでは、すべての人に受け入れられる解決策が得られない可能性がある。本稿では、利害関係者のニーズを考慮した学校統合の意思決定に対するいくつかの方法を提案し分析する。これは、持続可能な学校統合政策の策定を支援するために、中央値と平均値の原則に基づいた扱いやすいモデルを提供するためである。これらのモデルを用いることで、各州で採用されている政策をさらに改善することができる。事例研究の結果から、通学の利便性に関する要件が追加されても利用状況は影響されないままであり、行政の管轄区外への移転が、移動距離の延長と閉鎖学校数に関してより良い結果をもたらすことが示された。さらに、このモデルは、わずかな変更を加えることで、一部の他のサービス施設の統合にも適用できる。

Suggested Citation

  • Abhishek Bhatnagar & Nomesh B. Bolia, 2023. "A sustainable decision‐making framework for school consolidation policy," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 15(5), pages 1037-1063, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:15:y:2023:i:5:p:1037-1063
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12530
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