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Transport and density of population groups in the urban area of the city of Salvador

Author

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  • Daniel S. A. Carvalho
  • Gervásio F. Santos

Abstract

The purpose of the paper is to identify the effect of geographical distribution of job accessibility on that of population density in the city of Salvador, comparing White and Black residents. The use of public and private transportation systems by workers was used to calculate an accessibility index by 713 traffic subzones of the city. The variation in this index was used to explain the variation in the population density in the urban area of the city. A two‐stage least‐square estimation procedure was applied, and a hydrological instrumental variable was used to capture exogenous variations in the accessibility index, since the historical evolution of the city’s avenues followed the path of its main rivers. The results showed that accessibility has similar effects for the total population, and for White and Black people. A lower possibility of reaching jobs reduces the demand for housing in more distant urban spaces, which reaffirms the importance of transport policies to reduce socioeconomic inequalities and to improve the urban sprawl in the cities. El objetivo de este artículo es identificar el efecto de la distribución geográfica de la accesibilidad al empleo sobre la densidad de población en la ciudad de Salvador, comparando residentes de raza blanca y negra. El uso de los sistemas de transporte público y privado por los trabajadores se utilizó para calcular un índice de accesibilidad para 713 subzonas de tráfico de la ciudad. La variación de este índice se utilizó para explicar la variación de la densidad de población en la zona urbana de la ciudad. Se aplicó un procedimiento de estimación por mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas y se utilizó una variable instrumental hidrológica para captar las variaciones exógenas del índice de accesibilidad, ya que la evolución histórica de las avenidas de la ciudad siguió el curso de sus ríos principales. Los resultados mostraron que la accesibilidad tiene efectos similares para la población total, y para las personas de raza blanca y negra. Una menor posibilidad de trasladarse hasta los puestos de trabajo reduce la demanda de viviendas en los espacios urbanos más alejados, lo que reafirma la importancia de las políticas de transporte para reducir las desigualdades socioeconómicas y mejorar la dispersión urbana de las ciudades. 本稿では、サルバドール市における人口密度に対する、通勤の利便性(job accessibility)の地理的分布の影響を、白人と黒人の居住者とを比較しながら、特定する。公共と民間の交通システムの労働者による利用を用いて、市の713の交通ゾーンによる利便性指数を計算した。この指数の変動を用いて、同市の都市部における人口密度の変動を説明した。2段階最小二乗法による推定手順を適用し、市中の大通りが主要河川の流れに従って歴史的に進化してきたため、利便性指数の外因的変動を捕捉するために水文学的操作変数を用いた。結果から、利便性は全人口、白人、黒人に対していずれも同様の影響を及ぼしていることが示された。仕事が得られる可能性が低いことは、より遠く離れた都市空間における住宅需要を減少させるが、これにより、社会経済的不平等を減らし、都市部のスプロールを改善するための交通政策の重要性が再確認される。

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel S. A. Carvalho & Gervásio F. Santos, 2022. "Transport and density of population groups in the urban area of the city of Salvador," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(6), pages 234-253, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:14:y:2022:i:6:p:234-253
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12496
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