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A multi‐scale approach to rural depopulation in Mexico

Author

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  • Liliana Castillo‐Rivero
  • Philip McCann
  • Frans J. Sijtsma

Abstract

This paper aims to sketch rural population decline in Mexico. A comprehensive multi‐scale documentation of Mexico's urban and rural fabric and its depopulation dynamics is undertaken. This paper does not identify the causes and effects of rural depopulation, but aims to detect its geographical presence in a manner which other approaches are unable to do. The granularity of rural depopulation is identified as manifested at four different scales: national, state, municipal, and local village scale. We use census data for the period 2000–2010. We relate rural depopulation to spatio‐geographical features found in the literature; the relationship of depopulating territories with urban ones and the altitude range in which they are located. We find that proximity to and remoteness from urban areas as well as that of altitude do not follow the typical patterns often observed elsewhere. Unlike that shown in other countries, in Mexico, rural depopulation is manifested mostly in lower‐lying areas and despite the fact that most of the country is at altitude. Rural depopulation and disappearance occur mainly in the areas of plains below 1,000 metres above sea level, regardless of the population density of the territories where they were located. Also, our multi‐scaling approach has allowed us to identify not just at what scale the phenomenon of rural depopulation is observed, but also, to identify the areas in which the phenomenon is manifested regionally or locally. As we see, much of the phenomenon is concentrated in different areas to what national narratives suggest. El objetivo de este artículo es esbozar el declive de la población rural en México. En él se realizó una exhaustiva documentación de escala múltiple del tejido urbano y rural de México y de su dinámica de despoblación. El artículo no identifica las causas y los efectos de la despoblación rural, sino que intenta detectar su presencia geográfica de una manera que otros enfoques no pueden hacer. Se identificó la granularidad de la despoblación rural, que se manifiesta en cuatro escalas diferentes: nacional, estatal, de municipalidad y por pueblo. Se utilizaron los datos del censo para el período 2000‐2010. Se relacionó la despoblación rural con las características espacio‐geográficas encontradas en la literatura, a saber, la relación entre los territorios en proceso de despoblación y los urbanos, y el rango de altitud en el que se encuentran. Se comprobó que la proximidad y la lejanía de las zonas urbanas, así como la altitud, no siguen las pautas típicas que suelen observarse en otros lugares. A diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros países, el despoblamiento rural en México se manifiesta sobre todo en las zonas bajas, a pesar de que la mayor parte del país se encuentra en zonas con una altitud elevada. El despoblamiento y la desaparición de las zonas rurales se producen principalmente en las planicies por debajo de los 1.000 metros sobre el nivel del mar, independientemente de la densidad de población de los territorios donde se encontraban. Asimismo, nuestro enfoque multiescalar nos ha permitido identificar no sólo a qué escala se observa el fenómeno de la despoblación rural, sino también identificar las zonas en las que el fenómeno se manifiesta a nivel regional o local. Como vemos, gran parte del fenómeno se concentra en áreas diferentes a lo que sugieren las narrativas nacionales. 本稿では、メキシコの農村の人口減少を概観する。メキシコの都市と農村の構造とその過疎化のダイナミクスの多重スケールで包括的な検討を行った。ここでは農村の人口減少の原因と影響を特定するのではなく、他のアプローチでは不可能な方法で人口の減少を地理的に検出することを目的とする。農村の人口減少の粒度は、4つの異なるスケール、すなわち国、州、市町村、および地方村落の規模で特定する。2000~2010年の国勢調査のデータを用いて、農村の人口減少と文献に見られる空間的・地理的特徴、すなわち人口が減少している地域と都市の地域および人口減少地域の標高の範囲との関連性とを結びつける。都市への近接性や都市からの遠隔性は、標高の高い地域への近接性又は遠隔性と同様に、他の地域で観察される典型的なパターンではないことが分かる。他国の例と異なり、メキシコでは、国土の大部分が高地であるにもかかわらず、低地における人口減少が顕著である。農村の人口減少と消滅は、その農村がかつてあった地域の人口密度に関係なく、主に海抜1,000メートル以下の平原地域で起きている。また、今回用いた多重スケールアプローチは、農村における人口減少の現象がどの程度の規模で観察されるかを特定するだけでなく、現象が地域的又は局所的に発生する地域を特定することも可能であった。このように、人口減少の多くは、国家の言説 (national narratives)による示唆とは異なる地域に集中している。

Suggested Citation

  • Liliana Castillo‐Rivero & Philip McCann & Frans J. Sijtsma, 2021. "A multi‐scale approach to rural depopulation in Mexico," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(4), pages 1328-1347, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:4:p:1328-1347
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12381
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mann, Stefan, 2005. "The Depopulation of Rural Areas and the Farming System," 94th Seminar, April 9-10, 2005, Ashford, UK 24415, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    2. Agatino Rizzo, 2016. "Declining, transition and slow rural territories in southern Italy Characterizing the intra-rural divides," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(2), pages 231-253, February.
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