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Places that don't matter or people that don't matter? A multilevel modelling approach to the analysis of the geographies of discontent

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  • Luise Koeppen
  • Dimitris Ballas
  • Arjen Edzes
  • Sierdjan Koster

Abstract

The possible impacts of contextual effects on political behaviour have long been studied and analysed by political scientists and geographers. We review previous relevant literature and extend it by incorporating the recent rise of populism and developments of socio‐economic determinants of the political economy of discontent and the geography of happiness and well‐being across the European Union. In particular, the research presented in this paper is aimed at analysing the impact of individual and contextual variables on political behaviour across European regions. Additionally, this paper examines links between subjective well‐being and political preferences, while at the same time considers contextual factors at the regional level across Europe. Methodologically, we adopt a multilevel modelling approach to analyse voting behaviour and to also examine subjective happiness indicators in relation to factors of political geography. We employ data from the European Social Survey (ESS) to estimate the effects of economic and non‐economic factors across Europe on the geography of subjective happiness and discontent using individual social values and cultural norms. We find that not only are individual level characteristics significant, but so too are regional characteristics. Los politólogos y geógrafos llevan mucho tiempo estudiando y analizando las posibles repercusiones de los efectos contextuales en el comportamiento político. Este artículo revisa la literatura relevante existente y la amplía mediante la incorporación del aumento reciente del populismo y los cambios en los determinantes socioeconómicos de la economía política del descontento y la geografía de la felicidad y el bienestar en toda la Unión Europea. En particular, la investigación que se presenta en este artículo tiene como objeto analizar el impacto de las variables individuales y contextuales en el comportamiento político en las regiones europeas. Además, este artículo examina los vínculos entre el bienestar subjetivo y las preferencias políticas, al tiempo que considera los factores contextuales a nivel regional en toda Europa. Metodológicamente, se adoptó un enfoque de modelización multinivel para analizar el comportamiento de voto y para examinar también los indicadores de felicidad subjetiva en relación con los factores de la geografía política. Se emplearon datos de la Encuesta Social Europea (ESS) para estimar los efectos de los factores económicos y no económicos en toda Europa sobre la geografía de la felicidad y el descontento subjetivos, mediante la utilización de valores sociales individuales y normas culturales. Se encontró que no sólo las características a nivel individual son significativas, sino que también lo son las características regionales. 文脈効果が政治的行動に及ぼす可能性のある影響は、政治学者や地理学者によって長い間研究され分析されてきた。過去の重要な文献をレビューし、最近のポピュリズムの台頭と不満の政治経済の社会経済的決定因子の出現、そしてEU全体の幸福とウェルビーイングの地理学を組み合わせて過去の研究を拡張する。特に、本稿で提示した研究は、ヨーロッパ地域全体の政治的行動に対する個人変数および文脈変数の影響を分析することを目的としている。さらに、主観的ウェルビーイングと政治的選好とのつながりを検討すると同時に、ヨーロッパ全域の地域レベルでの文脈要因を考察する。方法は、マルチレベルモデリング手法を用いて、投票行動を分析し、政治的地理学の因子と関連付けて主観的幸福指標を調べる。欧州社会調査 (European Social Survey:ESS)のデータを用いて、ヨーロッパ全体の経済的因子および非経済的因子の主観的幸福と不満の地理学に対する影響を、個人の社会的価値と文化的規範を用いて推定する。個人レベルの特性は重要であるが、地域の特性も同様に重要であることが分かる。

Suggested Citation

  • Luise Koeppen & Dimitris Ballas & Arjen Edzes & Sierdjan Koster, 2021. "Places that don't matter or people that don't matter? A multilevel modelling approach to the analysis of the geographies of discontent," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 221-245, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:rgscpp:v:13:y:2021:i:2:p:221-245
    DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12384
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Andrés Rodríguez-Pose & Lewis Dijkstra & Hugo Poelman, 2024. "The Geography of EU Discontent and the Regional Development Trap," Economic Geography, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 100(3), pages 213-245, May.
    2. Alessandra Faggian & Marco Modica & Félix Modrego & Giulia Urso, 2021. "One country, two populist parties: Voting patterns of the 2018 Italian elections and their determinants," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 397-413, April.
    3. Eveline S. van Leeuwen & Solmaria Halleck Vega, 2021. "Voting and the rise of populism: Spatial perspectives and applications across Europe," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 209-219, April.
    4. Dimitris Ballas & Ilias Thanis, 2022. "Exploring the Geography of Subjective Happiness in Europe During the Years of the Economic Crisis: A Multilevel Modelling Approach," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(1), pages 105-137, November.
    5. Camilla Lenzi & Giovanni Perucca, 2022. "No Place for Poor Men: On the Asymmetric Effect of Urbanization on Life Satisfaction," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 164(1), pages 165-187, November.

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