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COVID‐19 as an opportunity window for policy change; insights from electronic authentication case study in Iran

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  • Hossein Shirazi
  • Valiallah Vahdaninia
  • Ali Maleki

Abstract

Public emergencies are focal events that present possibilities for policy changes. This study aims to explain policy insights on policy change in Iran through analyzing how the Iranian government's policy toward the long‐awaited e‐authentication finally changed in the wake of the outbreak of COVID‐19. Due to the policy context of Iran, it uses the Multiple Stream Model, in which three streams were identified: problem, policy, and political dynamics. The paper contends that while the second stream existed prior to the pandemic, the first one had not yet been appropriately recognized by the government. Furthermore, it identifies the political stream as the third missing link for policy change. With the spread of coronavirus, these three streams converged, thus opening a window of opportunity for enacting this policy change. Two main reasons behind the emergence of this opening are identified: first, arising a new complex problem (COVID‐19) that necessitated new initiatives, and second, growing public anxiety about the pandemic. Iran's desperate circumstances, which included an already severely depressed economy as the result of sanctions, were further exacerbated through the socio‐economic repercussions of the pandemic. Furthermore, the growing demand from prospective traders to register for the stock exchange during the lockdown prompted officials to make a realistic decision. As a result, barriers to e‐authentication were overcome and policy change happened. The paper highlights the security perspective as a necessary condition for policy change in Iran. Finally, it discusses the likelihood of permanency of the change. Las emergencias públicas son eventos focales que presentan posibilidades de cambios de política. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explicar las ideas políticas sobre el cambio de políticas en Irán mediante el análisis de cómo la política del gobierno iraní hacia la tan esperada autenticación electrónica finalmente cambió a raíz del brote de Covid‐19. Debido al contexto político de Irán, utiliza el modelo de flujo múltiple, en el que se identifican tres flujos: problema, política y dinámica política. El documento sostiene que, si bien la segunda corriente existió antes de la pandemia, la primera aún no había sido debidamente reconocida por el gobierno. Además, identifica la corriente política como el tercer eslabón perdido para el cambio de política. Con la propagación del coronavirus, estas tres corrientes convergieron, abriendo así una ventana de oportunidad para promulgar este cambio de política. Se identifican dos razones principales detrás del surgimiento de esta apertura: primero, el surgimiento de un nuevo problema complejo (Covid‐19) que requería nuevas iniciativas, y segundo, la creciente ansiedad pública por la pandemia. Las circunstancias desesperadas de Irán, que aumentaron una economía ya gravemente deprimida como resultado de las sanciones, se vieron agravadas aún más por las repercusiones socioeconómicas de la pandemia. Además, la creciente demanda de los posibles comerciantes de registrarse en la bolsa de valores durante el cierre llevó a los funcionarios a tomar una decisión realista. Como resultado, se superaron las barreras a la autenticación electrónica y se produjo un cambio de política. El documento destaca la perspectiva de la seguridad como una condición necesaria para el cambio de política en Irán. Finalmente, se discute la probabilidad de permanencia del cambio. 公共紧急事件是可能导致政策变革的焦点事件。本研究旨在通过分析2019冠状病毒病(Covid‐19)爆发后伊朗政府对期待已久的电子认证的政策最终如何发生变革,以期解释关于伊朗政策变革的政策见解。鉴于伊朗的政策背景,本研究使用多源流模型,其中确定了问题流、政策流和政治动态流。本文认为,虽然政策流在大流行之前就存在,但问题流尚未得到政府的合理认可。此外,本文将政治流确定为政策变革的第三个缺失环节。随着冠状病毒的传播,这三条流汇聚在一起,从而为实施这一政策变革打开了机会之窗。出现这一机会之窗的主要原因有两个:第一,出现了一个新的复杂问题(Covid‐19),需要采取新的举措;第二,公众对大流行的焦虑日益加剧。大流行的社会经济影响进一步加剧了伊朗的绝望处境,其中包括因制裁而已经严重萧条的经济。此外,在封城期间,潜在交易者对注册证券交易所的需求不断增长,这促使官员作出一个现实决策。结果则是,电子认证的障碍被克服,并发生了政策变革。本文强调,安全视角是伊朗政策变革的必要条件。最后,本文探讨了政策变革的潜在持久性。

Suggested Citation

  • Hossein Shirazi & Valiallah Vahdaninia & Ali Maleki, 2024. "COVID‐19 as an opportunity window for policy change; insights from electronic authentication case study in Iran," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 41(3), pages 471-490, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:41:y:2024:i:3:p:471-490
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12537
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