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Credible Empowerment and Deliberative Participation: A Comparative Study of Two Nuclear Energy Policy Deliberation Cases in Korea

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  • Sangbum Shin
  • Taedong Lee

Abstract

What factors make deliberative participation of public policy effective? Why, in some cases, are participants in deliberation more motivated than others, and reach their final judgment in a timely manner, based on systematic processes of opinion gathering and consensus building? By comparing and investigating two recent cases of public participation in energy policy deliberation in Korea, we argue that deliberative participation is more effective when the prospect that the outcome of their activities might be accepted by decision makers is high. The two cases, the public deliberation committee (PDC) on the nuclear waste issue which operated from 2013 to 2015, and the PDC on the nuclear power plant construction issue which operated in 2017, show that they went through similar courses of action, and used similar methods for deliberation. However, while the 2017 PDC has produced clear‐cut policy recommendations, and the government have accepted these, the 2013 PDC failed to reach conclusions on the given critical issues. We argue that the difference in the results is caused by credible empowerment along with two other factors––the sensitivity of issues and the learning effect. Participants of deliberation tend to judge the possibility of the government’s acceptance of their opinions based on either the government’s direct announcement or its inclusiveness in the past policy history. If governments are willing to consult the public to increase legitimacy and transparency, they should send explicit signals to the public on its inclusiveness in the short term, and also should increase credibility in the long term. ¿Qué factores hacen efectiva la participación deliberativa de las políticas públicas? ¿Por qué, en algunos casos, los participantes en la deliberación están más motivados que otros y llegan a su juicio final de manera oportuna, basados en procesos sistemáticos de recolección de opiniones y construcción de consenso? Al comparar e investigar dos casos recientes de participación pública en la deliberación de políticas energéticas en Corea, argumentamos que la participación deliberativa es más efectiva cuando la posibilidad de que los tomadores de decisiones acepten el resultado de sus actividades es alta. Los dos casos, el comité de deliberación pública (PDC) sobre el tema de los residuos nucleares que operó de 2013 a 2015, y el PDC sobre el tema de la construcción de la central nuclear que operó en 2017, muestran que pasaron por cursos de acción similares y utilizaron métodos similares de deliberación. Sin embargo, si bien el PDC de 2017 ha producido recomendaciones de política claras, y el gobierno las ha aceptado, el PDC de 2013 no llegó a conclusiones sobre los temas críticos dados. Argumentamos que la diferencia en los resultados se debe a un empoderamiento creíble junto con otros dos factores: la sensibilidad de los problemas y el efecto de aprendizaje. Los participantes de la deliberación tienden a juzgar la posibilidad de que el gobierno acepte sus opiniones basándose en el anuncio directo del gobierno o en su inclusión en la historia política pasada. Si los gobiernos están dispuestos a consultar al público para aumentar la legitimidad y la transparencia, deberían enviar señales explícitas al público sobre su inclusión en el corto plazo, y también deberían aumentar la credibilidad a largo plazo. 哪些因素能使公共政策的协商式参与变得有效?为什么某些情况下的协商参与者比其他情况下的要更积极,并且能基于系统性的意见收集过程和共识建立过程,以及时的方式作出最终判断?通过比较和调查近年来韩国两个能源政策协商中的公共参与案例,我们主张,当参与者的活动结果可能被决策者支持的可能性高时,协商式参与则更有效。这两个案例,第一个关于2013‐2015年就核废物问题进行商讨的公共协商委员会(PDC),第二个关于2017年就核电站建造问题进行商讨的PDC,案例表明:PDC经历了类似的行动过程,并使用了相似的协商方法。不过,尽管2017年PDC得出了明显的政策建议,并且政府也接受了这些建议,但2013年PDC却没有就上述关键问题达成结论。我们主张,这两个结果的差异归因于可信赋权(credible empowerment)和两个其他因素—问题的敏感性和学习效果。协商参与者往往基于政府的直接声明或政府在以往政策史中的包容性,来判断政府对其意见的接受度的可能性。如果政府愿意咨询公众来提高合法性和透明度,则其应在短期内向公众释放关于其包容性的明确信号,并且在长期内提高可信度。

Suggested Citation

  • Sangbum Shin & Taedong Lee, 2021. "Credible Empowerment and Deliberative Participation: A Comparative Study of Two Nuclear Energy Policy Deliberation Cases in Korea," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 38(1), pages 97-112, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:38:y:2021:i:1:p:97-112
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12407
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Farrar, Cynthia & Fishkin, James S. & Green, Donald P. & List, Christian & Luskin, Robert C. & Levy Paluck, Elizabeth, 2010. "Disaggregating Deliberation’s Effects: An Experiment within a Deliberative Poll," British Journal of Political Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(2), pages 333-347, April.
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    1. Philip Baxter & Justin V. Hastings & Philseo Kim & Man‐Sung Yim, 2022. "Mapping the development of North Korea's domestic nuclear research networks," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(2), pages 219-246, March.
    2. Aerang Nam & Christopher M. Weible & Kyudong Park, 2022. "Polarization and frames of advocacy coalitions in South Korea's nuclear energy policy," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 39(4), pages 387-410, July.

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