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REIT and Commercial Real Estate Returns: A Postmortem of the Financial Crisis

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  • Libo Sun
  • Sheridan D. Titman
  • Garry J. Twite

Abstract

type="main"> In the years surrounding the financial crisis, the share prices of equity Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) were much more volatile than the underlying commercial real estate prices. To better understand this phenomenon we examine the cross-sectional dispersion of REIT returns during this time period with a particular focus on the influence of their capital structures. By looking at both the debt ratio and the maturity structure of the debt, we separate the pure leverage effect from the effect of financial distress. Consistent with leverage and financial distress costs amplifying the price decline, we find that the share prices of REITs with higher debt-to-asset ratios and shorter maturity debt fell more during the 2007 to early-2009 crisis period. Although REIT prices rebounded with the bounce back in commercial real estate prices, financial distress costs had a permanent effect on REIT values. In particular, we find that REITs with more debt due during the crisis period tended to sell more property and issue more equity in 2009, when prices were depressed.

Suggested Citation

  • Libo Sun & Sheridan D. Titman & Garry J. Twite, 2015. "REIT and Commercial Real Estate Returns: A Postmortem of the Financial Crisis," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 8-36, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:43:y:2015:i:1:p:8-36
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1540-6229.12055
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tom Emmerling & Crocker Liu & Yildiray Yildirim, 2017. "The Hybrid Nature of Real Estate Trusts," ERES eres2017_370, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    2. Gregg Fisher & Eva Steiner & Sheridan Titman & Ashvin Viswanathan, 2022. "Location density, systematic risk, and cap rates: Evidence from REITs," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(2), pages 366-400, June.
    3. Masud Alam, 2021. "Time Varying Risk in U.S. Housing Sector and Real Estate Investment Trusts Equity Return," Papers 2107.10455, arXiv.org.
    4. Odusami, Babatunde O., 2021. "Volatility jumps and their determinants in REIT returns," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    5. Michael J. Highfield & Lily Shen & Thomas M. Springer, 2021. "Economies of Scale and the Operating Efficiency of REITs: A Revisit," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 108-138, January.
    6. Masud Alam, 2024. "Volatility in U.S. Housing Sector and the REIT Equity Return," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(3), pages 505-544, October.
    7. Jamie Alcock & Petra Andrlikova, 2018. "Asymmetric Dependence in Real Estate Investment Trusts: An Asset-Pricing Analysis," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 183-216, February.
    8. Apostolos Ampountolas, 2022. "Postcrisis REIT performance using financial ratios: A DEA approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(2), pages 371-393, March.
    9. Yijia Wen & Li Fang & Qing Li, 2022. "Commercial Real Estate Market at a Crossroads: The Impact of COVID-19 and the Implications to Future Cities," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, October.
    10. Jamie Alcock & Eva Steiner, 2018. "Fundamental Drivers of Dependence in REIT Returns," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 4-42, July.
    11. Almazan, Andres & de Motta, Adolfo & Titman, Sheridan, 2015. "Debt, labor markets, and the creation and destruction of firms," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(3), pages 636-657.
    12. Lingxiao Li & Bing Zhu, 2024. "REITs’ Stock Return Volatility: Property Market Risk Versus Equity Market Risk," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 69(3), pages 452-476, October.
    13. Brent W. Ambrose & Brad Case & Seow Eng Ong, 2015. "Introduction to the Special Issue," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 43(1), pages 1-7, March.
    14. Kelvin Jui Keng Tan, 2017. "Why Do Overconfident REIT CEOs Issue More Debt? Mechanisms and Value Implications," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 53(3), pages 319-348, September.
    15. Elizabeth Devos & Erik Devos & He Li & Desmond Tsang, 2022. "Operating Lease as Alternative Financing for REITs: a Viable Strategy or a Sign of Trouble?," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 65(2), pages 153-180, August.
    16. Andrey Pavlov & Eva Steiner & Susan Wachter, 2018. "The Consequences of REIT Index Membership for Return Patterns," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 46(1), pages 210-250, March.
    17. Bao, Helen X.H. & Gong, Cynthia Miao, 2017. "Reference-dependent analysis of capital structure and REIT performance," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 38-49.
    18. Doan, Trang & Nguyen, Nga Q., 2018. "Boards of directors and firm leverage: Evidence from real estate investment trusts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 109-124.
    19. Gerlach, Richard & Obaydin, Ivan & Zurbruegg, Ralf, 2015. "The impact of leverage on the idiosyncratic risk and return relationship of REITs around the financial crisis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 207-219.
    20. Yuanchen Chang & Yi-Ting Hsieh & Kiat Ying Seah, 2024. "Banking Relationships and Financing Decisions of REITs," International Real Estate Review, Global Social Science Institute, vol. 27(1), pages 1-32.
    21. Chris Ratcliffe & Bill Dimovski & Monica Keneley, 2017. "The Performance of REIT Acquirers in the Post-Merger Period," ERES eres2017_43, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    22. Sheridan Titman, 2017. "Does Ownership Structure Matter?," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 23(3), pages 357-375, June.
    23. Stanley Iat Meng Ko & Rose Neng Lai & Zhenjiang Qin, 2023. "Social Network Matters: Capital Structure Risk Control on REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 709-742, April.

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