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Beyond Quotas: Strategies to Promote Gender Equality in Elected Office

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  • Mona Lena Krook
  • Pippa Norris

Abstract

type="main"> Gender equality in elected office has become a commitment of national governments and international organizations around the globe. To date, much of the discussion has revolved around electoral gender quotas – policies that set aside seats in political assemblies for women or require that political parties nominate a certain percentage of female candidates. Focusing exclusively on quotas, however, obscures the broader range of efforts around the world to bring more women into political office. This article surveys non-quota strategies used globally, developing an analytic framework for theorizing potential interventions into candidate selection and election processes. Whether used in conjunction with, or as an alternative to, quotas, the diversity of these measures points to a wide array of creative solutions, engaging a variety of actors, which might be pursued to enhance women's political representation. Future research should focus on evaluating the effects of these policies, both alongside and separately from quota policies.

Suggested Citation

  • Mona Lena Krook & Pippa Norris, 2014. "Beyond Quotas: Strategies to Promote Gender Equality in Elected Office," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 62(1), pages 2-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:polstu:v:62:y:2014:i:1:p:2-20
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1467-9248.12116
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    Cited by:

    1. Albert Stanslas Junior Chisanga & Adrian Matole & Eliazer Lushinga Kawila & Sanny Mulubale, 2024. "Unearthing Strategies to Mitigate Political Violence Against Women in Matero Constituency of Lusaka District, Zambia," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 8(5), pages 397-403, May.
    2. Oren Griffiths & Lynette Roberts & Josh Price, 2019. "Desirable leadership attributes are preferentially associated with women: A quantitative study of gender and leadership roles in the Australian workforce," Australian Journal of Management, Australian School of Business, vol. 44(1), pages 32-49, February.
    3. KASUYA Yuko & MIWA Hirofumi & ONO Yoshikuni, 2022. "Why are There More Women in the Upper House?," Discussion papers 22094, Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
    4. Petra Ahrens & Petra Meier, 2024. "From Parliament to Party: The Gender‐Sensitive Parliamentary Group," Politics and Governance, Cogitatio Press, vol. 12.
    5. Mihail CIOBANU & Eugenia LUCASENCO, 2019. "Analysis of gender quotas implementation for women empowerment: EU and Republic of Moldova’s experience," THE YEARBOOK OF THE "GH. ZANE" INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCHES, Gheorghe Zane Institute for Economic and Social Research ( from THE ROMANIAN ACADEMY, JASSY BRANCH), vol. 28(1), pages 163-176.
    6. Owain Smolović Jones & Sanela Smolović Jones & Scott Taylor & Emily Yarrow, 2022. "Theorizing gender desegregation as political work: The case of the Welsh Labour Party," Gender, Work and Organization, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(6), pages 1747-1763, November.
    7. Camilo Campos-Valdés & Eduardo Álvarez-Miranda & Mauricio Morales Quiroga & Jordi Pereira & Félix Liberona Durán, 2021. "The Impact of Candidates’ Profile and Campaign Decisions in Electoral Results: A Data Analytics Approach," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-17, April.
    8. Wang, Zhao & He, Yali & Jiang, Tianqi, 2024. "Does the gender composition of local governments matter for firms’ information environment? Evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    9. Migheli, Matteo, 2022. "Lost in election. How different electoral systems translate the voting gender gap into gender representation bias," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    10. Sally Sargeson & Tamara Jacka, 2018. "Improving Women's Substantive Representation in Community Government: Evidence from Chinese Villages," Development and Change, International Institute of Social Studies, vol. 49(5), pages 1166-1194, September.
    11. Terence Wood, 2015. "Aiding Women Candidates in Solomon Islands: Suggestions for Development Policy," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(3), pages 531-543, September.
    12. Valente, Jordan & Moreno, Frede, 2014. "Women’s representation in local politics: Evidence from The Philippines," MPRA Paper 57903, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 13 Aug 2014.

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