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A Three‐Stage Estimator for Studies with Repeated and Possibly Missing Binary Outcomes

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  • Stuart R. Lipsitz
  • Nan M. Laird
  • David P. Harrington

Abstract

This paper describes methods for analysing repeated measures data when the outcome is binary at each occasion. The models relate the expected value of the binary response at each occasion to covariates via the logistic link function. The method of estimation is a three‐stage, generalized least squares method and is similar to the methods described by Ware and Jennrich and Schluchter for repeated continuous outcomes. The estimates are asymptotically equivalent to the estimates obtained from Liang and Zeger's 'generalized estimating equations' but have the advantage that they exist in some situations (i.e. small sample sizes, unbalanced data) when the Liang and Zeger estimates do not and can be computed using a newly available statistical package (BMDP 5V) designed for analysing unbalanced repeated continuous responses. Residual diagnostics are also briefly discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Stuart R. Lipsitz & Nan M. Laird & David P. Harrington, 1992. "A Three‐Stage Estimator for Studies with Repeated and Possibly Missing Binary Outcomes," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 41(1), pages 203-213, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jorssc:v:41:y:1992:i:1:p:203-213
    DOI: 10.2307/2347629
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    Cited by:

    1. Garrett M. Fitzmaurice & Stuart R. Lipsitz & Geert Molenberghs & Joseph G. Ibrahim, 2001. "Bias in Estimating Association Parameters for Longitudinal Binary Responses with Drop‐Outs," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 57(1), pages 15-21, March.
    2. Stuart R. Lipsitz & Garrett M. Fitzmaurice & Roger D. Weiss, 2020. "Using Multiple Imputation with GEE with Non-monotone Missing Longitudinal Binary Outcomes," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 85(4), pages 890-904, December.
    3. Stuart R. Lipsitz & Geert Molenberghs & Garrett M. Fitzmaurice & Joseph Ibrahim, 2000. "GEE with Gaussian Estimation of the Correlations When Data Are Incomplete," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 56(2), pages 528-536, June.

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