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Organizational Controls and Performance Outcomes: A Meta‐Analytic Assessment and Extension

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  • Vikrant Sihag
  • Serge A. Rijsdijk

Abstract

Managing employees and external partners effectively has been a primary concern for organizations and their managers. Many studies have investigated the effectiveness of organizational controls in a wide variety of contexts. Using organizational controls literature that discriminates among outcome, behaviour, and clan control, this study synthesizes the research on the effectiveness of these controls. In particular, the study examines 23,839 organizational controls–performance relationships from 120 independent samples, and tests several new hypotheses using advanced meta‐analytic methods. The results indicate that outcome, behaviour, and clan controls generally enhance performance, with each control having a distinct performance effect. Our analysis also demonstrates that controls function as complements to one another. This finding indicates that one form of control increases the effectiveness of other forms of control. We also examine the organizational controls–performance relationships across various contexts, and our results show that they vary according to the type of task. The paper concludes with a discussion on the theoretical and managerial implications of these findings.

Suggested Citation

  • Vikrant Sihag & Serge A. Rijsdijk, 2019. "Organizational Controls and Performance Outcomes: A Meta‐Analytic Assessment and Extension," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 56(1), pages 91-133, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jomstd:v:56:y:2019:i:1:p:91-133
    DOI: 10.1111/joms.12342
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrews, Daniel S. & Fainshmidt, Stav & Newburry, William & Parente, Ronaldo & Haensel, Kira, 2023. "What determines subunit integration in the multinational firm? A meta-analysis," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(6).
    2. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Wang, Yurong & Zhang, Xiaoming, 2023. "Corporate governance and systemic risk: Evidence from Chinese-listed banks," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 180-202.
    3. Mei, Maggie Qiuzhu & Wang, Le & Yan, Jie, 2023. "Maintaining product quality consistency when offshoring to emerging markets: The role of subsidiary control," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 29(1).
    4. Block, Sidney T. & Friebel, Guido & Heinz, Matthias & Zubanov, Nick, 2022. "Mystery Shopping as a Strategic Management Practice in Multi-Site Firms," IZA Discussion Papers 15599, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Darren McCabe & Sylwia Ciuk & Margaret Gilbert, 2022. "‘This Is the End’? An Ethnographic Study of Management Control and a New Management Initiative," Work, Employment & Society, British Sociological Association, vol. 36(3), pages 503-521, June.
    6. Rauter, Romana & Globocnik, Dietfried & Baumgartner, Rupert J., 2023. "The role of organizational controls to advance sustainability innovation performance," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    7. Blandina Walowe Kori & Stephen M. A. Muathe & Samuel Mwangi Maina, 2020. "Financial and Non-Financial Measures in Evaluating Performance: The Role of Strategic Intelligence in the Context of Commercial Banks in Kenya," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 13(10), pages 130-130, October.
    8. Addo, Kwabena Aboah & Hussain, Nazim & Iqbal, Jamshed, 2021. "Corporate Governance and Banking Systemic Risk: A Test of the Bundling Hypothesis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    9. Yang, Feifei & Shinkle, George A. & Goudsmit, Mirjam, 2022. "The efficacy of organizational control interactions: External environmental uncertainty as a critical contingency," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 855-868.
    10. Cucinelli, Doriana & Soana, Maria Gaia, 2023. "Systemic risk in non financial companies: Does governance matter?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    11. Klara Granheimer & Per-Erik Eriksson & Tina Karrbom Gustavsson, 2022. "Adaptability in Public Procurement of Engineering Services Promoting Carbon Reduction: An Organizational Control Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-18, May.
    12. W. Robert Knechel & Natalia Mintchik, 2022. "Do Personal Beliefs and Values Affect an Individual’s “Fraud Tolerance”? Evidence from the World Values Survey," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 177(2), pages 463-489, May.
    13. Downes, Rebecca & Daellenbach, Urs & Donnelly, Noelle, 2023. "Remote control: Attitude monitoring and informal control in distributed teams," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).

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