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Partner Type Diversity in Alliance Portfolios: Multiple Dimensions, Boundary Conditions and Firm Innovation Performance

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  • John Hagedoorn
  • Boris Lokshin
  • Ann‐Kristin Zobel

Abstract

Our research extends the current knowledge based view on the configuration of alliance portfolios and their deployment in different external knowledge environments. We study these alliance portfolios in a longitudinal sample (1996–2010) for over three thousand firms that operate in a large number of industries in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that partner type variety and partner type relevance, as different dimensions of partner diversity in alliance portfolios, both have an inverted U‐shaped association with firm innovation performance. However, alliance portfolios characterized by both high partner type variety and high relevance cause inferior innovation performance. Different external knowledge environments, characterized by different levels of industry modularity and scope of knowledge distribution, moderate the inverted U‐shaped associations of partner type variety and relevance in alliance portfolios with firm innovation performance in opposing directions. While for partner type variety, a high level is found to be optimal in environments with greater modularity or broader scope of knowledge distribution, for partner type relevance it turns out that a low level is optimal under more modular industry conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • John Hagedoorn & Boris Lokshin & Ann‐Kristin Zobel, 2018. "Partner Type Diversity in Alliance Portfolios: Multiple Dimensions, Boundary Conditions and Firm Innovation Performance," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(5), pages 809-836, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jomstd:v:55:y:2018:i:5:p:809-836
    DOI: 10.1111/joms.12326
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    1. Jun, Seung-Pyo & Yoo, Hyoung Sun & Hwang, Jeena, 2021. "A hybrid recommendation model for successful R&D collaboration: Mixing machine learning and discriminant analysis," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Nadia Zahoor & Francis Donbesuur & Arinze Christian Nwoba & Huda Khan, 2023. "Regional expansion of emerging market SMEs: the roles of domestic market environmental uncertainty and international alliance partner diversity," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 613-643, June.
    3. Cacciolatti, Luca & Rosli, Ainurul & Ruiz-Alba, José L. & Chang, Jane, 2020. "Strategic alliances and firm performance in startups with a social mission," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 106-117.
    4. Wen, Jinyan & Li, Jian & Zhou, Qing & Zeng, Deming & Harms, Rainer, 2023. "How firms support formal standardization: The role of alliance portfolio and internal technological diversity," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Zahoor, Nadia & Gabriel Pepple, Dennis & Choudrie, Jyoti, 2021. "Entrepreneurial competencies and alliance success: The role of external knowledge absorption and mutual trust," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 440-450.
    6. Birgul Arslan & Murat Tarakci, 2022. "Negative Spillovers Across Partnerships for Responsible Innovation: Evidence from the 2014 Ebola Outbreak," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(1), pages 126-162, January.
    7. Shantala Samant & Jongwook Kim, 2021. "Determinants of common benefits and private benefits in innovation alliances," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(2), pages 294-307, March.
    8. Shuman Zhang & Changhong Yuan & Yuying Wang, 2019. "The Impact of Industry–University–Research Alliance Portfolio Diversity on Firm Innovation: Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, April.
    9. Choi, Jihun & Kim, Young-Kyu & Roh, Taewoo, 2024. "Unpacking the link between entrepreneurial proactiveness and exploitative innovation strategy: The role of brokerage position and open innovation," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    10. Ko, Woo Li & Kim, Sang Yong & Lee, Jong-Ho & Song, Tae Ho, 2020. "The effects of strategic alliance emphasis and marketing efficiency on firm value under different technological environments," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 453-461.
    11. Jie Liang & Peng Shao, 2019. "Sequential Alliance Portfolios, Partner Reconfiguration and Firm Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-20, October.
    12. Zhu, Shanshan & Hagedoorn, John & Zhang, Shuhui & Liu, Fengchao, 2021. "Effects of technological distance on innovation performance under heterogeneous technological orientations," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 106(C).
    13. Bodas Freitas, Isabel Maria & Gonçalves, Ricardo & Sousa, Rui, 2023. "Governance of new product design: The influence of national institutions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    14. Leopoldo Gutierrez & Ivan Montiel & Jordi A. Surroca & Josep A. Tribo, 2022. "Rainbow Wash or Rainbow Revolution? Dynamic Stakeholder Engagement for SDG-Driven Responsible Innovation," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 180(4), pages 1113-1136, November.
    15. Bernal, Pilar & Carree, Martin & Lokshin, Boris, 2022. "Knowledge spillovers, R&D partnerships and innovation performance," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    16. Jingbei Wang & Min Guo & Hui Liu & Yafei Nie, 2023. "Partners’ partners matter: the effect of partners’ centrality diversity on the focal organization’s innovation outputs," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 128(3), pages 1547-1565, March.
    17. Aliasghar, Omid & Rose, Elizabeth L. & Asakawa, Kazuhiro, 2022. "Sources of knowledge and process innovation: The moderating role of perceived competitive intensity," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(2).
    18. Wenjin Hu & Keith Skowronski & Yan Dong & Yongyi Shou, 2023. "Mergers and acquisitions in supply bases," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 32(4), pages 1059-1078, April.
    19. Jacob, Jojo & Belderbos, René & Lokshin, Boris, 2023. "Entangled modes: Boundaries to effective international knowledge sourcing through technology alliances and technology-based acquisitions," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    20. Shukla, Dhirendra Mani & Mital, Amita & Qureshi, Israr, 2024. "Effects of alliance portfolio breadth and depth on exploratory and exploitative innovation: Evidence from Indian high-tech sectors," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    21. Figueiredo, Paulo N. & Cabral, Bernardo P. & Silva, Felipe Q., 2021. "Intricacies of firm-level innovation performance: An empirical analysis of latecomer process industries," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    22. Shuman Zhang & Changhong Yuan & Chen Han, 2020. "Industry–university–research alliance portfolio size and firm performance: the contingent role of political connections," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 45(5), pages 1505-1534, October.

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