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Who are the Europeans? European Identity Outside of European Integration

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  • Kaija E. Schilde

Abstract

What do we know about the relationship between Europe, the European Union and European identity? While national identity is a multifaceted phenomenon, European identity has been linked to the growth of the European Union. This article attempts to analyze some of the attributes of individuals with European identity in central and eastern Europe prior to EU accession by applying existing hypotheses on correlates of European identity. The phenomenon of identification with Europe prior to EU accession provides a window into understanding the identity mechanisms that inform the concept of European identity. The first Eurobarometer surveys measuring European identification in central and eastern accession states reported a puzzling finding: that more people, not less, identified with Europe than in existing EU states. An analysis of the Eurobarometer results provides counter-intuitive comparisons and contrasts between eastern and western Europe and uncovers potential mechanisms illustrating the content of contemporary European identity.

Suggested Citation

  • Kaija E. Schilde, 2014. "Who are the Europeans? European Identity Outside of European Integration," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(3), pages 650-667, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:52:y:2014:i:3:p:650-667
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/jcms.12090
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Checkel, Jeffrey T., 2005. "International Institutions and Socialization in Europe: Introduction and Framework," International Organization, Cambridge University Press, vol. 59(4), pages 801-826, October.
    2. Neil Fligstein & Alina Polyakova & Wayne Sandholtz, 2012. "European Integration, Nationalism and European Identity," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(S1), pages 106-122, March.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Vassilis Tselios & John Tomaney, 2019. "Decentralisation and European identity," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 51(1), pages 133-155, February.
    3. Vicente Royuela, 2020. "Construction of a Composite Index of European Identity," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 148(3), pages 831-861, April.
    4. Sybille Luhmann, 2017. "A Multi-Level Approach to European Identity: Does Integration Foster Identity?," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(6), pages 1360-1379, November.
    5. Christof Van Mol & Helga AG de Valk & Leo van Wissen, 2015. "Falling in love with(in) Europe: European bi-national love relationships, European identification and transnational solidarity," European Union Politics, , vol. 16(4), pages 469-489, December.
    6. Deniz Aksoy & Dino Hadzic, 2019. "Political institutions and collective attachments," European Union Politics, , vol. 20(4), pages 584-607, December.
    7. Besir Ceka & Aleksandra Sojka, 2016. "Loving it but not feeling it yet? The state of European identity after the eastern enlargement," European Union Politics, , vol. 17(3), pages 482-503, September.

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