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Firm Valuation in Venture Capital Financing Rounds: The Role of Investor Bargaining Power

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  • Andy Heughebaert
  • Sophie Manigart

Abstract

This study explores the impact of bargaining power of venture capital (VC) firms on the valuation of their portfolio companies. We argue that VC firm types with greater bargaining power vis-à-vis the entrepreneur negotiate lower valuations compared to VC firm types with less bargaining power. We find that VC firm types with stronger bargaining power, namely university and government VC firms, value investments lower compared to independent VC firms. The valuations of captive VC firms equal those of independent VC firms. Our findings suggest that valuations in the VC contract reflect the relative bargaining power of the VC investor.
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  • Andy Heughebaert & Sophie Manigart, 2012. "Firm Valuation in Venture Capital Financing Rounds: The Role of Investor Bargaining Power," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3-4), pages 500-530, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:39:y:2012:i:3-4:p:500-530
    DOI: j.1468-5957.2012.02284.x
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    1. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez‐De‐Silanes & Andrei Shleifer & Robert Vishny, 2002. "Investor Protection and Corporate Valuation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(3), pages 1147-1170, June.
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    3. La Porta, Rafael, et al, 1997. "Good News for Value Stocks: Further Evidence on Market Efficiency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 52(2), pages 859-874, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Shachmurove, Yochanan & Spiegel, Uriel, 2013. "Sustainable effects of technological progress and trade liberalization," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 956-964.
    2. Max Berre, 2022. "Cross-Border Venture Capital Valuation: Business-Cycle, Institutional Factors, and Distance," Post-Print hal-03834620, HAL.
    3. Laffey, Des & Durkin, Mark & Cummins, Darryl & Gandy, Anthony, 2021. "A shift in power? Value co-creation through successful crowdfunding," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    4. Liang, Qing & Gan, Christopher & Li, Zhaohua, 2019. "Institutional environment and financing costs: Evidence from venture capital backed transactions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 31(C).
    5. Andreas Köhn, 2018. "The determinants of startup valuation in the venture capital context: a systematic review and avenues for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 68(1), pages 3-36, February.
    6. Lavanchy, Maude & Reichert, Patrick & Joshi, Amit, 2022. "Blood in the water: An abductive approach to startup valuation on ABC's Shark Tank," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 17(C).
    7. Max Berre & Benjamin Le Pendeven, 2022. "Business-cycles and Cash-on-Market: Pre-money Startup Valuation in the Macroeconomic Environment," Post-Print hal-03872889, HAL.
    8. Bock, Carolin & Schmidt, Maximilian, 2015. "Should I stay, or should I go? – How fund dynamics influence venture capital exit decisions," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 68-82.
    9. Ramzi DRISSI, 2023. "Empirical Analysis of Unlisted Companies' Valuation Using Discounted Cash Flow Methods ," GATR Journals jfbr213, Global Academy of Training and Research (GATR) Enterprise.
    10. Carolin Bock & Christian Hackober, 2020. "Unicorns—what drives multibillion-dollar valuations?," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 13(3), pages 949-984, November.
    11. Carolin Bock & Maximilian Schmidt, 2015. "Should I stay, or should I go? – How fund dynamics influence venture capital exit decisions," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(1), pages 68-82, November.
    12. Wang, Lanfang & Wang, Susheng, 2017. "Buybacks as an efficient strategy for venture capital in emerging markets," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 107-123.
    13. Max Berre & Benjamin Le Pendeven, 2022. "Business-cycles and Cash-on-Market: Pre-money Startup Valuation in the Macroeconomic Environment," Papers 2211.16151, arXiv.org.
    14. Que, Jiangjing & Zhang, Xueyong, 2021. "Money chasing hot industries? Investor attention and valuation of venture capital backed firms," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    15. Shao, Yan & Sun, Lingxia, 2021. "Entrepreneurs’ social capital and venture capital financing," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 499-512.
    16. Wang, Lei & Zhou, Fangzhao & An, Yunbi, 2017. "Determinants of control structure choice between entrepreneurs and investors in venture capital-backed startups," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 215-225.
    17. Kim, Jongwoo & Kim, Hongil & Geum, Youngjung, 2023. "How to succeed in the market? Predicting startup success using a machine learning approach," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    18. Yochanan Shachmurove & Uriel Spiegel, 2013. "Are All Technological Improvements Beneficial? Absolutely Not," PIER Working Paper Archive 13-027, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania.
    19. Good, Matthew & Knockaert, Mirjam & Soppe, Birthe & Wright, Mike, 2019. "The technology transfer ecosystem in academia. An organizational design perspective," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 82, pages 35-50.
    20. Daniel Tobias Michaeli & Hasan Basri Yagmur & Timur Achmadeev & Thomas Michaeli, 2022. "Value drivers of development stage biopharma companies," The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer;Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gesundheitsökonomie (DGGÖ), vol. 23(8), pages 1287-1296, November.
    21. Max Berre & Benjamin Le Pendeven, 2023. "What do we know about startup-valuation drivers? A systematic literature review 1," Post-Print hal-04232855, HAL.
    22. Patrick Röhm & Andreas Köhn & Andreas Kuckertz & Hermann S. Dehnen, 2018. "A world of difference? The impact of corporate venture capitalists’ investment motivation on startup valuation," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 531-557, May.
    23. Tereza Tykvová, 2018. "Venture capital and private equity financing: an overview of recent literature and an agenda for future research," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 88(3), pages 325-362, May.

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