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Capital Allocation in Financial Firms

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  • André F. Perold

Abstract

This paper develops a theory of capital allocation in financial intermediaries where the cost of “risk capital” is a critical consideration. The implication for capital budgeting is that financial firms should use a modified NPV rule in which projects are valued by calculating the NPV of cash flows using marketdetermined discount rates and then subtracting a deadweight cost of capital that reflects the project's marginal contribution to firm‐wide risk. By taking account of deadweight costs—mainly monitoring and moral hazard costs associated with having too little equity capital as well as “free cash flow” agency costs and higher taxes associated with having too much—the capital allocation model predicts that financial firms will diversify across businesses with similar deadweight costs. Such diversification reduces the cost of risk capital for the individual businesses, thereby creating more profitable investment opportunities at the margin and enabling the businesses to operate on a larger scale. The authors note that their model has similarities to but also important differences from the standard applications of RAROC models.

Suggested Citation

  • André F. Perold, 2005. "Capital Allocation in Financial Firms," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 17(3), pages 110-118, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jacrfn:v:17:y:2005:i:3:p:110-118
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6622.2005.00051.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Baule, Rainer, 2014. "Allocation of risk capital on an internal market," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 234(1), pages 186-196.
    2. George Zanjani, 2010. "An Economic Approach to Capital Allocation," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 77(3), pages 523-549, September.
    3. Isil Erel & Stewart C. Myers & James A. Read, 2021. "Risk Capital: Theory and Applications," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 33(1), pages 8-21, March.
    4. Gregor Dorfleitner & Lars Hornuf & Martina Weber, 2018. "Paralyzed by Shock: The Portfolio Formation Behavior of Peer-to-Business Lending Investors," CESifo Working Paper Series 7092, CESifo.
    5. Joël Bessis, 2009. "Risk Management in Banking," Post-Print hal-00494876, HAL.
    6. Mao Hong & Carson James M. & Ostaszewski Krzysztof M., 2018. "Optimal Price Setting and Insurer Capital Management in a Multiple Line Context," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 12(1), pages 1-22, January.
    7. Stoughton, Neal M. & Zechner, Josef, 2007. "Optimal capital allocation using RAROC(TM) and EVA(R)," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 312-342, July.
    8. Goel, Tirupam & Lewrick, Ulf & Tarashev, Nikola, 2020. "Bank capital allocation under multiple constraints," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    9. Kang, Woo-Young & Poshakwale, Sunil, 2019. "A new approach to optimal capital allocation for RORAC maximization in banks," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 153-165.
    10. Gregor Dorfleitner & Lars Hornuf & Martina Weber, 2023. "Paralyzed by shock: the portfolio formation behavior of peer-to-business lending investors," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 1037-1073, April.
    11. Neamtu, Ioana & Vo, Quynh-Anh, 2021. "Capital allocation, the leverage ratio requirement," Bank of England working papers 956, Bank of England.
    12. Sunday S. Akpan & Fauziah Mahat & Bany-Ariffin Noordin & Annuar Nassir, 2017. "Contrasting the Effect of Risk- and Non Risk-Based Capital Structure on Insurers’ Performance in Nigeria," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-17, November.
    13. Erel, Isil & Myers, Stewart C. & Read, James A., 2015. "A theory of risk capital," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(3), pages 620-635.

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