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The ‘Right to the City’: Institutional Imperatives of a Developmental State

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  • SUSAN PARNELL
  • EDGAR PIETERSE

Abstract

Under conditions of globalization large cities present unique challenges for poverty reduction and the realization of rights. The urbanization of poverty also underscores the imperative of downscaling the emerging debate about the developmental state to the city scale. The arguments in this article start from the proposition that a universal rights agenda can and should be fulfilled as an alternative to neoliberal aspirations, and that to achieve this development action will be needed on a series of different scales. The article is structured in three main parts. The first section explores the implications for the state of adopting a rights‐based agenda in the urban context, giving particular emphasis to defining those rights whose meaning arises from settlement planning or management‐based policies and interventions on the individual, household, neighbourhood and more macro‐environmental scale (what we call 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation rights or the ‘right to the city’). The second part of the article is dedicated to illustrating the particular nature of how rights to the city are blocked or achieved, using the experiences of the Greater Cape Town area. The final section of the article makes a more general case for a more radical rights‐based agenda for cities. Résumé Dans un environnement mondialisé, les grandes villes présentent des problèmes particuliers de réduction de la pauvreté et de concrétisation des droits. De plus, l’urbanisation de la pauvreté met en avant la nécessité impérative de ramener au niveau de la ville l’échelle du débat naissant sur ‘l’État en développement’. Les arguments partent ici de la proposition selon laquelle un programme de droits universels peut et devrait être réalisé en tant qu’alternative aux aspirations néolibérales et que, pour ce faire, il faudra des actions de développement sur une série d’échelles différentes. La première partie de l’article explore les implications, pour l’État, d’adopter un projet basé sur des droits dans le contexte urbain; ce faisant, elle souligne l’importance de définir ces droits dont la signification naît de politiques ou d’interventions sur l’aménagement de l’habitat ou basées sur la gestion, à la fois à l’échelon de l’individu, du foyer, du quartier et d’un environnement plus vaste (ce que nous appelons respectivement les droits de 2ème, 3ème et 4ème génération ou ‘droit à la ville’). La deuxième partie illustre la manière particulière dont les droits à la ville sont soit bloqués soit atteints, à partir des expériences de Greater Cape Town. La dernière partie défend plus généralement un programme pour les villes qui soit basé sur des droits et plus radical.

Suggested Citation

  • Susan Parnell & Edgar Pieterse, 2010. "The ‘Right to the City’: Institutional Imperatives of a Developmental State," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 146-162, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:34:y:2010:i:1:p:146-162
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2010.00954.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Frank Ellis, 2000. "The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 51(2), pages 289-302, May.
    2. Ellis, Frank, 2000. "Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198296966.
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    4. Andrew Boraine & Owen Crankshaw & Carien Engelbrecht & Graeme Gotz & Sithole Mbanga & Monty Narsoo & Susan Parnell, 2006. "The State of South African Cities a Decade after Democracy," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(2), pages 259-284, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Maria-Lluïsa Marsal-Llacuna, 2017. "Building Universal Socio-cultural Indicators for Standardizing the Safeguarding of Citizens’ Rights in Smart Cities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 130(2), pages 563-579, January.
    2. Diana Mitlin, 2014. "Politics, informality and clientelism – exploring a pro-poor urban politics," Global Development Institute Working Paper Series esid-034-14, GDI, The University of Manchester.
    3. Osborne, Natalie & Grant-Smith, Deanna, 2017. "Constructing the cycling citizen: A critical analysis of policy imagery in Brisbane, Australia," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 44-53.
    4. Ivan Turok & Jackie Borel-Saladin, 2018. "The theory and reality of urban slums: Pathways-out-of-poverty or cul-de-sacs?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(4), pages 767-789, March.
    5. Kamna Patel, 2016. "Sowing the seeds of conflict? Low income housing delivery, community participation and inclusive citizenship in South Africa," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(13), pages 2738-2757, October.

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