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Mixed Communities: A New Approach to Spatially Concentrated Poverty in England

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  • RUTH LUPTON
  • CRISPIAN FULLER

Abstract

This article examines the adoption, by the New Labour government, of a mixed communities approach to the renewal of disadvantaged neighbourhoods in England. It argues that while there are continuities with previous policy, the new approach represents a more neoliberal policy turn in three respects: its identification of concentrated poverty as the problem; its faith in market‐led regeneration; and its alignment with a new urban policy agenda in which cities are gentrified and remodelled as sites for capital accumulation through entrepreneurial local governance. The article then draws on evidence from the early phases of the evaluation of the mixed community demonstration projects to explore how the new policy approach is playing out at a local level, where it is layered upon existing policies, politics and institutional relationships. Tensions between neighbourhood and strategic interests, community and capital are evident as the local projects attempt neighbourhood transformation, while seeking to protect the rights and interests of existing residents. Extensive community consultation efforts run parallel with emergent governance structures, in which local state and capital interests combine and communities may effectively be disempowered. Policies and structures are still evolving and it is not yet entirely clear how these tensions will be resolved, especially in the light of a collapsing housing market, increased poverty and demand for affordable housing, and a shortage of private investment. Résumé Le gouvernement New Labour a adopté une démarche de mixité des communautés dans le cadre de la rénovation des quartiers défavorisés anglais. Si certains aspects de la politique antérieure persistent, la nouvelle approche prend une tournure plus néolibérale à trois titres: en identifiant les concentrations de pauvreté comme étant le problème, en se fiant à une régénération par le marché, et en s'associant à un nouveau programme de politiques urbaines dans lequel les villes sont ‘gentrifiées’ et remodelées en tant que lieux d'accumulation de capital à travers une gouvernance locale de type entrepreneurial. En s'appuyant sur les premières phases d’évaluation de ces projets de démonstration sur la mixité, il est possible d’étudier l'exécution de la nouvelle approche à un niveau local, où elle s'ajoute aux actions, politiques et relations institutionnelles existantes. Des tensions entre intérêts des quartiers et intérêts stratégiques, entre communauté et capital, sont manifestes, tandis que les projets locaux s'efforcent de transformer les quartiers tout en cherchant à protéger les droits et intérêts des résidents en place. D'importants efforts de consultation des communautés se déroulent pendant qu'apparaissent les structures de gouvernance dans lesquelles les intérêts du capital et des autorités territoriales se combinent et où les communautés risquent bien de perdre toute capacité. Actions publiques et structures continuant d’évoluer, on ne peut pas encore voir comment ces tensions vont être réglées, compte tenu notamment d'un effondrement du marché du logement, d'une progression de la pauvreté, d'un accroissement de la demande d'habitations accessibles financièrement, et d'un manque d'investissement privé.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruth Lupton & Crispian Fuller, 2009. "Mixed Communities: A New Approach to Spatially Concentrated Poverty in England," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(4), pages 1014-1028, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:33:y:2009:i:4:p:1014-1028
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2009.00904.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Hills, 2007. "Ends and Means: The future roles of social housing in England," CASE Reports casereport34, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    2. Mark Davidson, 2008. "Spoiled Mixture: Where Does State-led `Positive' Gentrification End?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2385-2405, November.
    3. Alastair Adair & Jim Berry & Stanley McGreal, 2003. "Financing Property's Contribution to Regeneration," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(5-6), pages 1065-1080, May.
    4. Diane Perrons & Sophia Skyers, 2003. "Empowerment Through Participation? Conceptual Explorations and A Case Study," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(2), pages 265-285, June.
    5. Rowland Atkinson, 2004. "The evidence on the impact of gentrification: new lessons for the urban renaissance?," European Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 107-131.
    6. Justus Uitermark & Jan Willem Duyvendak & Reinout Kleinhans, 2007. "Gentrification as a Governmental Strategy: Social Control and Social Cohesion in Hoogvliet, Rotterdam," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 39(1), pages 125-141, January.
    7. Rowland Atkinson, 2004. "The evidence on the impact of gentrification: new lessons for the urban renaissance?," International Journal of Housing Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(1), pages 107-131.
    8. Stuart Cameron, 2003. "Gentrification, Housing Redifferentiation and Urban Regeneration: 'Going for Growth' in Newcastle upon Tyne," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(12), pages 2367-2382, November.
    9. Loretta Lees, 2008. "Gentrification and Social Mixing: Towards an Inclusive Urban Renaissance?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 45(12), pages 2449-2470, November.
    10. Paul Dutton, 2003. "Leeds Calling: The Influence of London on the Gentrification of Regional Cities," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 40(12), pages 2557-2572, November.
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    2. Amanda Fitzgerald & Ruth Lupton, 2015. "The Coalition's Record on Area Regeneration and Neighbourhood Renewal: Policy, Spending and Outcomes 2010-2015," CASE - Social Policy in a Cold Climate Working Paper 19, Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion, LSE.
    3. Christian A.B. Nygaard, 2016. "Geology and the Emergence of Modern Neighbourhoods and Social Structures," Economics Discussion Papers em-dp2016-08, Department of Economics, University of Reading.
    4. Alasdair Rae, 2012. "Spatial patterns of labour market deprivation in Scotland: Concentration, isolation and persistence," Local Economy, London South Bank University, vol. 27(5-6), pages 593-609, August.
    5. Thorning, Daniel & Balch, Christopher & Essex, Stephen, 2019. "The delivery of mixed communities in the regeneration of urban waterfronts: An investigation of the comparative experience of Plymouth and Bristol," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 238-251.
    6. Lupton, Ruth & Arque, Amanda, 2015. "The Coalition's record on area regeneration and neighbourhood renewal: policy, spending and outcomes 2010-2015," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 121534, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    7. Bjarke Skærlund Risager, 2023. "Territorial stigmatization and housing commodification under racial neoliberalism: The case of Denmark's ‘ghettos’," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 55(4), pages 850-870, June.

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