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Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review

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  • Nrupen A Bhavsar
  • Manish Kumar
  • Laura Richman

Abstract

Neighborhoods have a profound impact on individual health. There is growing interest in the role of dynamic changes to neighborhoods–including gentrification–on the health of residents. However, research on the association between gentrification and health is limited, partly due to the numerous definitions used to define gentrification. This article presents a systematic review of the current state of literature describing the association between gentrification and health. In addition, it provides a novel framework for addressing important next steps in this research. A total of 1393 unique articles were identified, 122 abstracts were reviewed, and 36 articles published from 2007–2020 were included. Of the 36 articles, 9 were qualitative, 24 were quantitative, and 3 were review papers. There was no universally accepted definition of gentrification; definitions often used socioeconomic variables describing demographics, housing, education, and income. Health outcomes associated with gentrification included self-reported health, preterm birth, mental health conditions, alcohol use, psychosocial factors, and health care utilization, though the direction of this association varied. The results of this review also suggest that the impact of gentrification on health is not uniform across populations. For example, marginalized populations, such as Black residents and the elderly, were impacted more than White and younger residents. In addition, we identified multiples gaps in the research, including the need for a conceptual model, future mechanistic studies, and interventions.

Suggested Citation

  • Nrupen A Bhavsar & Manish Kumar & Laura Richman, 2020. "Defining gentrification for epidemiologic research: A systematic review," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-24, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:plo:pone00:0233361
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233361
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pichardo, Catherine M. & Chambers, Earle C. & Sanchez-Johnsen, Lisa A.P. & Pichardo, Margaret S. & Gallo, Linda & Talavera, Gregory A. & Pirzada, Amber & Roy, Amanda & Castañeda, Sheila F. & Durazo-Ar, 2023. "Association of census-tract level gentrification and income inequality with 6-year incidence of metabolic syndrome in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, an epidemiologic cohort stud," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    2. Alexandra Mendoza-Graf & Rebecca L Collins & Madhumita Ghosh Dastidar & Robin Beckman & Gerald P Hunter & Wendy M Troxel & Tamara Dubowitz, 2023. "Changes in psychosocial wellbeing over a five-year period in two predominantly Black Pittsburgh neighbourhoods: A comparison between gentrifying and non-gentrifying census tracts," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 60(6), pages 1139-1157, May.
    3. Gao, Xing & Thomas, Timothy A. & Morello-Frosch, Rachel & Allen, Amani M. & Snowden, Jonathan M. & Carmichael, Suzan L. & Mujahid, Mahasin S., 2023. "Neighborhood gentrification, displacement, and severe maternal morbidity in California," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    4. Monica S. Ruiz & Allison Williams & Allison O’Rourke & Elizabeth MacIntosh & Shareese Moné & Cyndee Clay, 2022. "The Impact of Housing Insecurity on Access to Care and Services among People Who Use Drugs in Washington, DC," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(13), pages 1-15, June.
    5. Na’Taki Osborne Jelks & Viniece Jennings & Alessandro Rigolon, 2021. "Green Gentrification and Health: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(3), pages 1-23, January.

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