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An Unusual Clique of City‐Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950–75)

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  • MONA FAWAZ

Abstract

This article documents the early development of an informal settlement in Beirut (Lebanon) through the trajectories of the developers who participated in its production, looking specifically at the role that social networks played in the process. Drawing primarily on the methodological approach developed by Pierre Bourdieu, my analysis reveals that social networks play a central role as conduits for developers to access the necessary housing ingredients and market securities they need to conduct their businesses. Social networks also function as accumulated capital, enabling developers to strengthen their hold over the production of housing in the neighborhood. My analysis also indicates that while some of these networks were inherited, many were built through patient investments deployed by these developers within the changing limitations of the micro (neighborhood) and macro (city‐wide) contexts. Finally, the changing distribution of social networks in this neighborhood determined when and how different social agents were able to participate as developers in the production and exchange of housing. These findings are important since they generate new insights into how (informal land) markets work, the practices of developers in this type of neighborhood, as well as the yet unstudied mechanisms of informal housing production in the Lebanese context. Résumé Cet article, qui présente la création d’un quartier informel de Beyrouth (Liban) au travers des trajectoires adoptées par les promoteurs ayant pris part à sa production, s’intéresse au rôle des réseaux sociaux dans ce processus. Utilisant principalement l’approche méthodologique de Pierre Bourdieu, l’analyse révèle que les réseaux sociaux jouent un rôle central comme canaux permettant aux promoteurs d’accéder aux ressources et aux cautionnements du marché dont ils ont besoin pour mener leur activité. Par ailleurs, les réseaux sociaux sont accumulés telle une forme de capital, ce qui permet aux promoteurs d’accentuer leur mainmise sur la production d’habitations dans le quartier. De plus, il apparaît que, si certains de ces réseaux ont été hérités, d’autres sont le fruit de patients investissements de ces promoteurs malgré les conditions changeantes des environnements micro (quartier) et macro (ville). Pour finir, la répartition évolutive des réseaux sociaux dans ce quartier a déterminé quand et comment les différents agents sociaux ont été en mesure de participer à la production et à l’échange d’habitations en tant que promoteurs. Ces résultats sont importants puisqu’ils ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives sur les modes opératoires des marchés (fonciers informels), les pratiques des promoteurs dans ce type de quartier, ainsi que les mécanismes de production d’habitat informel dans le contexte libanais, mécanismes qui n’ont jamais étéétudiés.

Suggested Citation

  • Mona Fawaz, 2008. "An Unusual Clique of City‐Makers: Social Networks in the Production of a Neighborhood in Beirut (1950–75)," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(3), pages 565-585, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:3:p:565-585
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00812.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    8. Manya M. Mooya & Chris E. Cloete, 2007. "Informal Urban Property Markets and Poverty Alleviation: A Conceptual Framework," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 44(1), pages 147-165, January.
    9. Costis Hadjimichalis, 2006. "Non‐Economic Factors in Economic Geography and in ‘New Regionalism’: A Sympathetic Critique," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(3), pages 690-704, September.
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    1. Mona Fawaz, 2017. "Exceptions and the actually existing practice of planning: Beirut (Lebanon) as case study," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(8), pages 1938-1955, June.
    2. Samaha, Petra & Mohtar, Amer, 2020. "Decoding an urban myth: An inquiry into the Van line 4 system in Beirut, Lebanon," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).

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