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Mobility across Borders: Contextualizing Local Strategies to Circumvent Visa and Work Permit Requirements

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  • ROOS PIJPERS
  • MARTIN VAN DER VELDE

Abstract

This article focuses on the structuring capacities of mobility strategies that are oriented towards, and seek to challenge, institutional borders. Positioned within the debate on the role of context in the ‘new’ economic geographies, and tempted to adopt elements of the Marxist‐inspired strategic‐relational approach to the geographical study of institutions, it emphasizes the creative entrepreneurial ability of mobile and immobile actors to influence prevailing border contexts. It further aims to continue work on the ‘primitive’ mobility typical of the early years of post‐Iron Curtain economic restructuring by discussing two timely cases. The first is that of the larger bazaars, or open‐air markets, in the Polish city region of Lodz. The functioning of these bazaars very much depends on the openness of Poland's eastern border, since many buyers and sellers come from such countries as Belarus, Ukraine and Russia. The prospect of Poland's admission to the Schengen area has had major consequences for its eastern border, and hence for the visa circumvention strategies of the protagonists in the bazaar economy. The second case concerns Polish migrant workers in the Dutch‐German Lower Rhine border region. Until recently, the Netherlands denied free movement of labour to citizens of new EU member states, and Germany still does. However, due to a strong demand for cheap migrant labour in the region, Polish workers are able to enter thanks to circumvention strategies at the margins of accounting and labour law. It is argued that the local strategies oriented towards Schengen and the restrictions on free movement are far from ‘primitive’. Instead, they imply creative, sophisticated legal and negotiating techniques of a kind that may indeed have structuring effects. Résumé Cet article s'intéresse aux capacités structurantes des stratégies de mobilité qui visent et défient les frontières institutionnelles. S'inscrivant dans le débat sur le rôle du contexte dans les ‘nouvelles’ géographies économiques, ce travail tend à adopter certains axes d'une approche stratégico‐relationnelle d'inspiration marxiste. Ce faisant, il souligne l'aptitude créative et entrepreneuriale dont font preuve les acteurs mobiles et non‐mobiles pour influer sur les contextes frontaliers existants. De plus, à partir de deux cas, il cherche à pousser l'étude de la mobilité‘primitive’, propre aux débuts de la restructuration économique qui a suivi la disparition du Rideau de Fer. Le premier cas concerne les grands bazars (ou marchés de rue) de la région urbaine polonaise de Lodz, dont le fonctionnement dépend beaucoup de l'ouverture de la frontière polonaise à l'Est, de nombreux acheteurs et vendeurs venant de pays comme la Biélorussie, l'Ukraine et la Russie. La perspective de l'entrée de la Pologne dans l'espace Schengen a eu de sérieuses conséquences sur la frontière orientale, donc sur les stratégies de contournement des visas pratiquées par les acteurs de ces marchés. Le second cas porte sur les travailleurs migrants polonais dans la région frontalière germano‐hollandaise du Rhin inférieur. Jusqu'à ces derniers temps, les Pays‐Bas refusaient la libre circulation de la main‐d'œuvre aux citoyens des nouveaux États membres de l'UE (l'Allemagne persiste quant à elle). Cependant, compte tenu de l'importante demande en main‐d'œuvre migrante bon marché dans la région, les travailleurs polonais peuvent entrer grâce à des stratégies de contournement à la limite de la réglementation comptable et du droit du travail. Les stratégies locales à l'égard de Schengen et des restrictions à la libre circulation sont loin d'être ‘primitives’. Elles exigent au contraire des techniques juridiques et de négociation à la fois créatives et élaborées, et peuvent tout à fait avoir des effets structurants.

Suggested Citation

  • Roos Pijpers & Martin Van Der Velde, 2007. "Mobility across Borders: Contextualizing Local Strategies to Circumvent Visa and Work Permit Requirements," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(4), pages 819-835, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:31:y:2007:i:4:p:819-835
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00753.x
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