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Understanding the Role of the National Exemplar in Constructing ‘Strategic Glurbanization’

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  • MIKE HODSON
  • SIMON MARVIN

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the tensions between economic and environmental priorities through attempts to reconfigure urban governance arrangements in a world city. We examine these tensions through the development of the hydrogen energy economy in London and through attempts to cultivate new techniques of governance in realizing this vision. Through case study material, we develop two representations of the negotiation of new forms of governance. First, we outline the representation of ‘London as world leader in progressive urban governance’. Second, we develop a characterization of ‘the politics of the world city in CO2 reduction’. The article moves on to address the scalar making up of these representations, in relation to and through analysing multiple interpretations of London as a ‘national exemplar’. The active positioning and representation of London as the exemplar by the national state and the specificities of London governance, we claim, enables the mayor to actively negotiate between the two sets of apparently conflicting logics of hydrogen development. London's energy strategy is therefore to a large extent ‘nationalized’ while at the same time national energy policy is also regionalized around London. Consequently, London is differentially and positively positioned in comparison to other city‐regions of the UK. The need to develop a sustainability fix that can allow London, and the greater South East of England, to continue to grow economically and within the apparent constraints of environmental limits requires a specific governance fix around the national exemplar and new socio‐technical energy networks, which we characterize as ‘strategic glurbanization’. Résumé Cet article s'intéresse aux tensions entre priorités économiques et environnementales dans les tentatives de reconfiguration de la gouvernance urbaine d'une ville mondiale. Ces tensions sont étudiées dans le cadre de l'économie de l'hydrogène développée à Londres et de projets de nouvelles techniques de gouvernance visant à concrétiser cette vision. À partir d'éléments d'étude de cas, deux représentations de la négociation de formes innovantes de gouvernance sont élaborées. D'abord, sont exposées la représentation de ‘Londres, chef de file mondial d'une gouvernance urbaine novatrice’, puis une description des ‘politiques de réduction en CO2 de la ville mondiale’. L'article aborde ensuite l'échelle de création de ces représentations, en fonction et au travers de l'analyse d'interprétations de Londres comme ‘exemple national’. Le positionnement et la représentation dynamiques de Londres en tant qu'exemple d'après l'État national, ainsi que les particularités de la gouvernance londonienne, permettent au maire, selon nous, de négocier véritablement entre les deux logiques apparemment contradictoires du développement de l'hydrogène. La stratégie énergétique de Londres est donc ‘nationalisée’ dans une large mesure tandis que, parallèlement, la politique énergétique nationale est régionalisée autour de la métropole. C'est ainsi que la ville se place de manière différente et positive par rapport à d'autres régions métropolitaines du Royaume‐Uni. Le besoin d'élaborer une solution durable qui permette à Londres, et à la région sud‐est de l'Angleterre, de poursuivre leur essor économique moyennant les contraintes manifestes des limites environnementales exige une gouvernance spécifique définie autour de l'exemple national et de nouveaux réseaux énergétiques socio‐techniques que nous qualifions de ‘glurbanisation stratégique’.

Suggested Citation

  • Mike Hodson & Simon Marvin, 2007. "Understanding the Role of the National Exemplar in Constructing ‘Strategic Glurbanization’," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(2), pages 303-325, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:31:y:2007:i:2:p:303-325
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2007.00733.x
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    1. Brenner, Neil, 2004. "New State Spaces: Urban Governance and the Rescaling of Statehood," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199270064.
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    2. Jonas Torrens & Phillip Johnstone & Johan Schot, 2018. "Unpacking the Formation of Favourable Environments for Urban Experimentation: The Case of the Bristol Energy Scene," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(3), pages 1-28, March.
    3. Nick Taylor Buck & Aidan While, 2017. "Competitive urbanism and the limits to smart city innovation: The UK Future Cities initiative," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 54(2), pages 501-519, February.
    4. Michael Hodson & Simon Marvin & Harriet Bulkeley, 2013. "The Intermediary Organisation of Low Carbon Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Transitions in Greater London and Greater Manchester," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(7), pages 1403-1422, May.
    5. Harriet Bulkeley & Vanesa Castán Broto & Anne Maassen, 2014. "Low-carbon Transitions and the Reconfiguration of Urban Infrastructure," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 51(7), pages 1471-1486, May.
    6. James Evans & Andrew Karvonen, 2014. "‘Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Lower Your Carbon Footprint!’ — Urban Laboratories and the Governance of Low-Carbon Futures," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 413-430, March.
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    8. Trencher, Gregory & Taeihagh, Araz & Yarime, Masaru, 2020. "Overcoming barriers to developing and diffusing fuel-cell vehicles: Governance strategies and experiences in Japan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
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