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City Repositioning and Competitiveness Building in Regional Development: New Development Strategies in Guangzhou, China

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  • JIANG XU
  • ANTHONY G.O. YEH

Abstract

Competition among cities for mobile capital in the twenty‐first century has intensified. The urban hierarchy of regions is undergoing transformation, causing economic fortunes to vary markedly among different localities. In China, these global forces and regional restructuring have caused a relative economic decline in some historically powerful cities, and have also brought about the emergence of new economic centers. In response to these forces, many Chinese cities have been driven into adopting a series of new competitive strategies, which seek to win back and build up their leading positions and competitiveness. To translate these strategies into concrete actions, local governments have promoted high‐profile and face‐lifting projects and investments. The extensive new urban development in Guangzhou is a particularly interesting case. As the provincial capital of the Guangdong Province, and a historically central city in the Pearl River Delta region, Guangzhou’s importance has recently declined. This article attempts to reveal the general strategies and specific projects initiated in Guangzhou as important promotion devices in its revitalization program, and to examine the rationales behind them. The ambitious new strategies are most likely to occur under the ‘soft budget constraint’ syndrome in China, and these strategies could be risky. Although the extent to which these strategies actually do stimulate business and lure investment is yet to be seen, the citizens are immediately and directly benefiting from them and consequently they have gained much popularity and support. However, the competitiveness building in Chinese cities has called into question the legitimacy of local state governance, and the validity of large projects that lack financial discipline, social objectives and accountability for unsuccessful investments. Au vingt‐et‐unième siècle, la compétition pour attirer le capital mobile s’est intensifiée entre les villes. La hiérarchie urbaine des régions évolue, créant de nettes différences de réussites économiques entre localités. En Chine, ces forces planétaires et la restructuration régionale ont provoqué un relatif déclin économique dans certaines grandes villes traditionnellement puissantes, entraînant par ailleurs l’émergence de nouveaux centres économiques. Face à ces forces, de nombreuses villes chinoises ont été poussées à adopter une série de stratégies concurrentielles visant à reconquérir ou bâtir leur compétitivité et leur position dominante. Pour traduire ces stratégies en actions concrètes, les gouvernements locaux ont encouragé des investissements et des projets de rajeunissement d’image très en vue. La nouvelle urbanisation d’envergure que connaît Guangzhou est un cas particulièrement intéressant. Capitale de la province du Guangdong et centre historique établi dans le delta de la ‘rivière des Perles’, Guangzhou a pourtant connu un récent déclin. L’article tente d’identifier les stratégies d’ensemble et projets spécifiques lancés à Guangzhou comme instruments promoteurs de sa revitalisation et d’en examiner les raisons sous‐jacentes. L’instauration de stratégies ambitieuses et novatrices est relativement possible compte tenu du syndrome chinois de ‘faible contrainte budgétaire’, mais elle ne va pas sans risques. Même s’il reste à constater l’ampleur dans laquelle ces stratégies stimulent réellement l’activité et attirent les investissements, les habitants en bénéficient immédiatement et directement, acquérant ainsi popularité et soutien. Toutefois, la compétitivité qui se dessine dans les villes chinoises remet en cause la légitimité de la gouvernance étatique locale et la validité de grands projets dont sont absents discipline financière, objectifs sociaux et responsables en cas d’échec des investissements.

Suggested Citation

  • Jiang Xu & Anthony G.O. Yeh, 2005. "City Repositioning and Competitiveness Building in Regional Development: New Development Strategies in Guangzhou, China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(2), pages 283-308, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:29:y:2005:i:2:p:283-308
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00585.x
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    1. Kornai, Janos, 1992. "The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780198287766.
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