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Migration and remittances in island microstates: a comparative perspective on the South Pacific and the Caribbean

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  • John Connell
  • Dennis Conway

Abstract

For several decades there has been extensive migration from the small island states of the South Pacific and the eastern Caribbean to metropolitan countries, resulting in absolute population decline in some states and new social, economic and political relationships between these island regions and distant worlds. Early research on the consequences for island development of return migration and remittances dwelt upon the unproductive nature of expenditures and the various problems return migration and remittances cause. Questioning this view, a new conceptualization of the influences of migration, circulation and remittances on recipient families, communities and societies in the island states of the South Pacific and the Caribbean is presented. Regional similarities and differences are recognized, yet commonalities of island microstates’ experiences emerge. Remittances are a very significant private transfer of capital and return migrants represent people endowed with human capital, capable of enriching the social and cultural capital stocks of their island communities. In both insular regions, the consolidation of transnational linkages emphasizes the significance of diaspora relations for migrant households at home and abroad and offers some prospects for sustainable development, beyond those offered solely by domestic economic opportunities. Depuis plusieurs décennies, une migration considérable s’est développée des petites îles états du Pacifique du sud et des Antilles de l’est vers les pays métropolitains. Le résultat est un déclin du nombre absolu de la population dans certains de ces états et de nouvelles relations sociales, économiques et politiques entre ces régions des îles et les mondes éloignés. Les premières recherches sur les conséquences pour le développement des îles de la migration de retour et des envois de fonds insistaient sur la nature improductive des dépenses et sur les différents problèmes causés par la migration de retour et les envois de fonds. Questionnant ce point de vue, nous présentons une nouvelle conception des influences de la migration, de la circulation et des envois de fonds sur les familles qui en bénéficient, sur les communautés et sur les sociétés des îles états du Pacifique du sud et des Antilles. Bien que les similarités et des différences régionales soient reconnues, des points communs dans les expériences des micro‐états émergent. Les envois de fonds sont un tranfert privé de capital très significatif et les émigrants qui reviennent sont dotés de capital humain, capables d’enrichir le domaine social et culturel de leurs communautés des îles. Dans les deux régions insulaires, la consolidation des liens transnationaux démontre la signification des relations de la diaspora pour les familles migratrices chez elles et à l’étranger et offre des possibilités de développement durable au‐delà de ceux offerts uniquement par les opportunités économiques intérieures.

Suggested Citation

  • John Connell & Dennis Conway, 2000. "Migration and remittances in island microstates: a comparative perspective on the South Pacific and the Caribbean," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 52-78, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:24:y:2000:i:1:p:52-78
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00235
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    Cited by:

    1. W. Neil Adger & Saleemul Huq & Katrina Brown & Declan Conway & Mike Hulme, 2003. "Adaptation to climate change in the developing world," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 3(3), pages 179-195, July.
    2. Stephen Asafo Agyei, 2021. "The Dynamics of Remittances Impact: A Mixed-Method Approach to Understand Ghana’s Situation and the Way Forward," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-21, October.
    3. Suwastika Naidu & Atishwar Pandaram & Anand Chand, 2017. "A Johansen Cointegration Test for the Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth of Japan," Modern Applied Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 11(10), pages 137-137, October.
    4. Hrushikesh Mallick, 2008. "Do remittances impact the economy? Some empirical evidences from a developing economy," Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum Working Papers 407, Centre for Development Studies, Trivendrum, India.
    5. Lesly Cassin, 2018. "The effects of migration and pollution externality on cognitive skills in Caribbean economies: a Theoretical analysis," EconomiX Working Papers 2018-30, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    6. Connell, John, 2014. "The two cultures of health worker migration: A Pacific perspective," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 73-81.
    7. Ranjan Kumar Dash, 2023. "Do Remittances Crowd-In or Crowd-Out Domestic Investment? An Empirical Analysis of 24 Low-Income Countries," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 14(2), pages 1177-1193, June.
    8. Ranjan Kumar Dash, 2020. "Impact of Remittances on Domestic Investment: A Panel Study of Six South Asian Countries," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 21(1), pages 7-30, March.
    9. Kristina Matuzeviciute & Mindaugas Butkus, 2016. "Remittances, Development Level, and Long-Run Economic Growth," Economies, MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Ms. Prachi Mishra, 2006. "Emigration and Brain Drain: Evidence From the Caribbean," IMF Working Papers 2006/025, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Buch, Claudia M. & Kuckulenz, Anja & Le Manchec, Marie-Helene, 2002. "Worker Remittances and Capital Flows," Kiel Working Papers 1130, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    12. Mamgain, Rajendra P., 2004. "Employment, migration and livelihoods in the Hill Economy of Uttaranchal," MPRA Paper 32303, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Nnyanzi John Bosco & Kilimani Nicholas & Oryema John Bosco, 2022. "How important are remittances to savings? Evidence from the Latin America and the Caribbean Countries," IZA Journal of Development and Migration, Sciendo & Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit GmbH (IZA), vol. 13(1), pages 1-37, January.
    14. Keerti Mallela & Sunny Kumar Singh & Archana Srivastava, 2020. "Estimating Bilateral Remittances in a Macroeconomic Framework: Evidence from top Remittance-Receiving Countries," Studies in Microeconomics, , vol. 8(1), pages 95-118, June.
    15. Shirin Akter, 2018. "Do remittances and foreign aid augment the gross savings: Bangladesh, India and Philippines perspective?," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 65(4), pages 449-463, December.
    16. Kuckulenz, Anja & Buch, Claudia M., 2004. "Worker Remittances and Capital Flows to Developing Countries," ZEW Discussion Papers 04-31, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    17. Zouhair Aït Benhamou & Lesly Cassin, 2018. "The effects of migration and remittances on development and capital in Caribbean Small Island Developing States," EconomiX Working Papers 2018-41, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    18. Delwar Hossain, 2014. "Differential Impacts of Foreign Capital and Remittance Inflows on Domestic Savings in the Developing Countries: A Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel Analysis," Departmental Working Papers 2014-07, The Australian National University, Arndt-Corden Department of Economics.
    19. Cynthia Werner & Holly R. Barcus, 2009. "Mobility and Immobility in a Transnational Context: Changing Views of Migration among the Kazakh Diaspora in Mongolia," Migration Letters, Migration Letters, vol. 6(1), pages 49-62, April.
    20. L. De & J. Gaillard & W. Friesen & F. Smith, 2015. "Remittances in the face of disasters: a case study of rural Samoa," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 17(3), pages 653-672, June.
    21. Dramane Coulibaly, 2009. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Migrants' Remittances: New Evidence from a panel VAR," Post-Print halshs-00367704, HAL.
    22. Ilan Kelman & Justyna Orlowska & Himani Upadhyay & Robert Stojanov & Christian Webersik & Andrea C. Simonelli & David Procházka & Daniel Němec, 2019. "Does climate change influence people’s migration decisions in Maldives?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 153(1), pages 285-299, March.
    23. Dewan Muktadir-Al-Mukit & A. Z. M. Shafiullah & Anamul Haque Sajib, 2013. "Determination of Causality between Remittance and Import: Evidence from Bangladesh," International Journal of Business and Social Research, LAR Center Press, vol. 3(3), pages 55-62, March.
    24. Peter Nderitu GITHAIGA, 2019. "Foreign Remittances, Private Sector Investment and Banking Sector Development," Journal of Economics and Financial Analysis, Tripal Publishing House, vol. 3(2), pages 85-112.

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