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Urban transportation in Shanghai, China: problems and planning implications

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  • Qing Shen

Abstract

Traffic congestion and transit service deterioration are becoming acute problems in China’s major cities. Based on a case study of Shanghai, this paper examines the growing gap between the supply of urban transportation facilities and the demand for travel, and discusses the planning implications. Because it will take great amounts of time and resources to transform the municipal transportation infrastructure into one suitable for high level mobility and motorization, the supply side is constrained for the short term. Therefore, planning research is directed primarily to the demand side. Transportation surveys indicate that travel demand has been increasing explosively through a combination of more trips, longer trips, and mode shifts away from walk and transit. Population growth, growth of family income, urban expansion and spatial reconfiguration, the emergence of labor and housing markets, and motorization are identified as the main causal factors. The probable future effects of these factors are analyzed and policy options are explored. The paper argues that enhancing accessibility without inducing mobility should be a basic guideline for policy‐making and urban planning. Given the fast pace of urban development and the important role of the municipal government in locating urban activities, land‐use planning can be a highly effective means for improving accessibility. Specific land‐use strategies and complementary policies are proposed. Since Shanghai is in some important ways representative of large metropolises in the developing world, the case study is potentially valuable for other cities as well. Les embouteillages et la détérioration des services de transport deviennent des problèmes graves dans les villes importantes de Chine. Basé sur une étude de cas de Shangaïı, cet article examine le décalage grandissant entre la demande et la provision des moyens de transport, et discute les implications pour la planification. La transformation de l’infrastructure des transports municipaux afin qu'elle se prête à la mobilité et motorisation de haut niveau demandera un temps et des ressources considérables, et conséquemment l’approvisionnement est limité dans l'immédiat. La recherche sur la planification se concentre donc principalement sur la demande. Les sondages sur les transports indiquent que la demande de transport a beaucoup augmentéà cause d’une conjonction de trajets plus longs et plus nombreux, et de la baisse de la marche à pied et du transit. L’expansion de la population, l’augmentation des revenus familiaux, la croissance urbaine et la reconfiguration spatiale, l’apparition des marchés du travail et du logement, ainsi que la motorisation, sont identifiées comme les causes principales. Les résultats vraisemblables de ces facteurs pour le futur sont analysés et les options politiques sont explorées. Cet article soutient que l’amélioration de l’accessibilité sans inciter la mobilité devrait être une directive fondamentale pour les décisions politiques et pour la planification urbaine. Etant donné la rapidité du développement urbain et le rôle important de la municipalité dans l’établissement d’activités urbaines, la planification de l’aménagement du territoire peut être une méthode très efficace pour améliorer l’accessibilité. Des stratégies spécifiques d’aménagement du territoire et des directives complémentaires sont proposées. Parceque Shangaï est, à beaucoup d’égards, typique des grandes métropoles du monde en voie de développement, cette étude de cas est potentiellement intéressante pour d’autres villes.

Suggested Citation

  • Qing Shen, 1997. "Urban transportation in Shanghai, China: problems and planning implications," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(4), pages 589-606, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:21:y:1997:i:4:p:589-606
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00103
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    Cited by:

    1. D'Acierno, Luca & Cartenì, Armando & Montella, Bruno, 2009. "Estimation of urban traffic conditions using an Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 196(2), pages 719-736, July.
    2. Feng, Jianxi & Dijst, Martin & Wissink, Bart & Prillwitz, Jan, 2017. "Changing travel behaviour in urban China: Evidence from Nanjing 2008–2011," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 1-10.
    3. Jinyao Lin & Tongli Chen & Qiazi Han, 2018. "Simulating and Predicting the Impacts of Light Rail Transit Systems on Urban Land Use by Using Cellular Automata: A Case Study of Dongguan, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.
    4. Xiaoyun Li & Hongsheng Chen & Yu Shi & Feng Shi, 2019. "Transportation Equity in China: Does Commuting Time Matter?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(21), pages 1-17, October.
    5. Shen, Qing & Chen, Peng & Pan, Haixiao, 2016. "Factors affecting car ownership and mode choice in rail transit-supported suburbs of a large Chinese city," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 31-44.
    6. Haixiao Pan & Qing Shen & Ming Zhang, 2009. "Influence of Urban Form on Travel Behaviour in Four Neighbourhoods of Shanghai," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 46(2), pages 275-294, February.
    7. Zhang, Mengzhu & He, Shenjing & Zhao, Pengjun, 2018. "Revisiting inequalities in the commuting burden: Institutional constraints and job-housing relationships in Beijing," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 58-71.
    8. Jennifer Day & Robert Cervero, 2010. "Effects of Residential Relocation on Household and Commuting Expenditures in Shanghai, China," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 762-788, December.
    9. Cervero, Robert & Day, Jennifer, 2008. "Suburbanization and transit-oriented development in China," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 15(5), pages 315-323, September.
    10. Sadownik, Bryn & Jaccard, Mark, 2001. "Sustainable energy and urban form in China: the relevance of community energy management," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 55-65, January.
    11. Xueming CHEN, 2011. "Managing Mega-City Transportation Planning Systems: Cases Of New York And Shanghai," Management Research and Practice, Research Centre in Public Administration and Public Services, Bucharest, Romania, vol. 3(4), pages 39-57, December.
    12. He, Mingwei & Zhao, Shengchuan & He, Min, 2016. "Tolerance threshold of commuting time: Evidence from Kunming, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1-7.
    13. Zhao, Pengjun & Lü, Bin & Roo, Gert de, 2011. "Impact of the jobs-housing balance on urban commuting in Beijing in the transformation era," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(1), pages 59-69.
    14. Roedy Susanto & Z. Fanani & Mohammad Nuh & Setyo Widagdo, 2020. "Parking Systems Development's Model in Malang City," Technium Social Sciences Journal, Technium Science, vol. 13(1), pages 297-304, November.
    15. Zhao, Pengjun, 2014. "Private motorised urban mobility in China’s large cities: the social causes of change and an agenda for future research," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 53-63.
    16. Maryam Feyzollahi & Pierre-Olivier Pineau & Nima Rafizadeh, 2024. "Drivers of Driving: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-41, March.
    17. Tana & Mei-Po Kwan & Yanwei Chai, 2016. "Urban form, car ownership and activity space in inner suburbs: A comparison between Beijing (China) and Chicago (United States)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 53(9), pages 1784-1802, July.

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