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Addressing the Humanitarian and Environmental Consequences of Atmospheric Nuclear Weapon Tests: A Case Study of UK and US Test Programs at Kiritimati (Christmas) and Malden Islands, Republic of Kiribati

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  • Becky Alexis‐Martin
  • Matthew Breay Bolton
  • Dimity Hawkins
  • Sydney Tisch
  • Talei Luscia Mangioni

Abstract

Between 1957 and 1962, the UK and USA conducted 33 atmospheric nuclear weapons test detonations at or close to Malden and Kiritimati (Christmas) Islands (total yield 31 megatons), formerly British colonial territories in the central Pacific region, now part of the Republic of Kiribati. Some 40,000 British, Fijian, New Zealand and US civilian and military personnel participated in the test program and 500 i‐Kiribati civilians lived on Kiritimati at the time. This article reviews humanitarian and environmental consequences of the UK and US nuclear weapons testing programs in Kiribati, as well as the policy measures that have addressed them. The authors contend that policy interventions to date have not adequately addressed the needs and rights of test survivors, nor ongoing environmental concerns. They argue that the victim assistance and environmental remediation obligations in the 2017 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons offer an important new opportunity for addressing the consequences of nuclear detonations in Kiribati, by focusing policy attention and constituting a new field of development assistance.

Suggested Citation

  • Becky Alexis‐Martin & Matthew Breay Bolton & Dimity Hawkins & Sydney Tisch & Talei Luscia Mangioni, 2021. "Addressing the Humanitarian and Environmental Consequences of Atmospheric Nuclear Weapon Tests: A Case Study of UK and US Test Programs at Kiritimati (Christmas) and Malden Islands, Republic of Kiriba," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 12(1), pages 106-121, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:glopol:v:12:y:2021:i:1:p:106-121
    DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12913
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Trundle, Catherine, 2011. "Biopolitical endpoints: Diagnosing a deserving British nuclear test veteran," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 73(6), pages 882-888, September.
    2. Tammy Tabe, 2019. "Climate Change Migration and Displacement: Learning from Past Relocations in the Pacific," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-18, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Matthew Breay Bolton, 2022. "Human Rights Fallout of Nuclear Detonations: Reevaluating ‘Threshold Thinking’ in Assisting Victims of Nuclear Testing," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(1), pages 76-90, February.

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