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The Integration of Emerging Powers into Club Institutions: China and the Arctic Council

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  • Matthew D. Stephen
  • Kathrin Stephen

Abstract

How do emerging powers gain inclusion into club institutions, i.e. institutions with selective memberships that deliberately seek to avoid universality? We present a framework that highlights three factors: an emerging power’s ‘fit’ to the club’s logic of exclusivity, the club’s possession of goods of value to the emerging power, and the ability of the emerging power to incentivize the club to open up via different strategies. We hypothesize that, due to the selection effect of choosing to seek inclusion in a club, emerging powers will seek integration using integrative strategies such as co‐optation and persuasion. We apply the framework to analyse the case of China’s inclusion – along with several other countries – as a State Observer in the Arctic Council in 2013. While China did use largely integrative strategies, the political background to the decision to open up to new observers reveals latent features of power bargaining. Moreover, it is unclear whether observer status has been sufficient to satisfy China. The case highlights the significance of observers in international organizations as well as the importance of clubs’ logics of exclusivity to their ability to adapt to international power shifts.

Suggested Citation

  • Matthew D. Stephen & Kathrin Stephen, 2020. "The Integration of Emerging Powers into Club Institutions: China and the Arctic Council," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 11(S3), pages 51-60, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:glopol:v:11:y:2020:i:s3:p:51-60
    DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.12834
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Matthew D. Stephen & Michal Parízek, 2019. "New Powers and the Distribution of Preferences in Global Trade Governance: From Deadlock and Drift to Fragmentation," New Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 24(6), pages 735-758, November.
    2. Bernhard Zangl & Frederick Heußner & Andreas Kruck & Xenia Lanzendörfer, 2016. "Imperfect adaptation: how the WTO and the IMF adjust to shifting power distributions among their members," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 11(2), pages 171-196, June.
    3. Oran R. Young, 2019. "Is It Time for a Reset in Arctic Governance?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(16), pages 1-12, August.
    4. Stephen, Matthew D. & Parízek, Michal, 2019. "New Powers and the Distribution of Preferences in Global Trade Governance: From Deadlock and Drift to Fragmentation," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 24(6), pages 735-758.
    5. Jakob Vestergaard & Robert H. Wade, 2015. "Still in the Woods: Gridlock in the IMF and the World Bank Puts Multilateralism at Risk," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, February.
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    Cited by:

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    2. L. G. Karanatova & A. Yu. Kulev, 2022. "Socio-Economic Development of the Arctic: Modern Challenges and Priorities," Administrative Consulting, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. North-West Institute of Management., issue 2.
    3. Mark Beeson & Jolanta Hewitt, 2022. "Does Multilateralism still Matter? ASEAN and the Arctic Council in Comparative Perspective," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(2), pages 208-218, May.
    4. Stephen, Matthew D., 2021. "China's New Multilateral Institutions: A Framework and Research Agenda," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, vol. 23(3), pages 807-834.
    5. Nadezhda Filimonova & Anastassia Obydenkova & Vinicius G. Rodrigues Vieira, 2023. "Geopolitical and economic interests in environmental governance: explaining observer state status in the Arctic Council," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 176(5), pages 1-25, May.
    6. Orfeo Fioretos, 2020. "Rhetorical Appeals and Strategic Cooptation in the Rise and Fall of The New International Economic Order," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 11(S3), pages 73-82, October.

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